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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Giant covalent structure features |
High melting point or boiling boiling, hard to melt due to many strong covalent bonds, hard, do not dissolve, don’t conduct electricity except graphite |
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Gases and liquids move because |
They are warmer and have more kinetic energy and because temperature vibrations due to changing state overcomes attraction forces which become weaker and particles move around, gases move around faster because they are warmer |
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Diffusion |
Spreading out of particles in a gas or liquid from high to low concentration to evenly fill a container |
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Reaction time in diffusion |
Gas particles bump into tube edge and other same gas particles |
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Non-metals |
Low melting and boiling points, tend to form negative ions, or colourless compounds, have acidic or neutral oxide, tend to be Brittle, not as shiny as metals, don’t usually conduct electricity, Poor conductors of heat |
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Xenon uses |
Flashlights, lamps, lasers and General anaesthetic |
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Group 1 |
Alkaline metals all soft with low density and low melting and boiling points |
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Lithium plus chlorine |
White powder |
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Sodium plus chlorine |
White powder and bright yellow flame |
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Metal plus water |
2metal + 2H2O —-> 2metalOH + H2 |
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Lithium plus water |
Floats, fizzes until it disappears |
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Fluorine colour |
Pale yellow |
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Iron plus chlorine |
3Cl2+2Fe —->2FeCl3 |
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Hydrogen in air |
Reacts Explosively with oxygen to form water |
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Hydrogen chloride test |
Damp blue litmus paper goes red |
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Bronsted-Lowry Theory |
Acid is a proton donor, base is a proton acceptor |
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Cl2 + Iron oxidation |
Iron loses electrons so is oxidised, chlorine gains electrons and is reduced |
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Chlorine water plus sodium bromide |
NaCl yellow |
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Potassium iodide and bromine water |
Potassium bromide dark brown |
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Ionic substances |
High melting and boiling points, hard and brittle crystals dissolve, conduct when molten or dissolved, strong electrostatic forces |
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Sodium hydroxide green precipitate |
Fe2+ |
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Sodium hydroxide red brown precipitate |
Fe3+ |