Organizational control include three dummy variable, which include: presence of an internal affairs unit, a collective bargaining agreement and a civilian review board (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). They also included two dummy variable which help indicate “whether a police department has formal rules regarding the maximum number of hours worked and serving and protections orders” (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). As for control variables, Willits & Nowacki (2013) included measures of minority-group threat, a series of dummy variables measuring region, structural disadvantage index, and control variables “including per cent black, white-to-black dissimilarity index, the ratio of median incomes for white-to-black households, per cent Hispanic, white-to-Hispanic dissimilarity and the ratio of median income for white-to-Hispanic households” (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). As for the analytic strategy, Willits & Nowacki (2013) presented three regression models that examined the relationship between deadly force and organizational and threat
Organizational control include three dummy variable, which include: presence of an internal affairs unit, a collective bargaining agreement and a civilian review board (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). They also included two dummy variable which help indicate “whether a police department has formal rules regarding the maximum number of hours worked and serving and protections orders” (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). As for control variables, Willits & Nowacki (2013) included measures of minority-group threat, a series of dummy variables measuring region, structural disadvantage index, and control variables “including per cent black, white-to-black dissimilarity index, the ratio of median incomes for white-to-black households, per cent Hispanic, white-to-Hispanic dissimilarity and the ratio of median income for white-to-Hispanic households” (Willits & Nowacki, 2013). As for the analytic strategy, Willits & Nowacki (2013) presented three regression models that examined the relationship between deadly force and organizational and threat