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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the process of blood clotting.
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The release of clotting factors from platelets and damaged cells resulting in the formation of thrombin. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into the fibrous protein fibrin, which captures blood cells.
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Define active immunity.
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Active immunity is immunity due to the production of antibodies by the organism itself after the body’s defence mechanisms have been stimulated by antigens.
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Define passive immunity.
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Passive immunity is immunity due to the acquisition of antibodies from another organism in which active immunity has been stimulated, including via the placenta, colostrum, or by injection of antibodies.
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Explain antibody production.
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Antigen presentation by macrophages and activation of helper T-cells leading to activation of B-cells which divide to form clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells.
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Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies
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Fusion of tumour and B-cells, and their subsequent proliferation and production of antibodies.
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Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies
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Fusion of tumour and B-cells, and their subsequent proliferation and production of antibodies.
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Discuss the benefits of vaccination.
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should include total elimination of diseases, prevention of pandemics and epidemics, decreased health-care costs and prevention of harmful side-effects of diseases.
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Discuss the dangers of vaccination.
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The dangers should include the possible toxic effects of mercury
in vaccines, possible overload of the immune system and possible links with autism. |
