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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1.
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What three bacteria are most often associated with subgingival plaque in healthy individuals and people with periodontal disease?
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2.
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What are aerobes?
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3.
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Where do anaerobes grow best?
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4.
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What are facultative aerobes or facultative anaerobes?
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5.
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Where do microaerophiles grow best?
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6.
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Where is the best place to store a microaerophile for it to grow?
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7.
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What are aerotolerant organisms?
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8.
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Do obligate anaerobes undergo oxidative phosphorylation?
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No, they do not undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
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9.
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What methods of metabolism do obligate anaerobes posses if they don’t undergo oxidative phosphorylation?
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10.
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Obligate anaerobe can be killed by what?
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11.
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What distinguishes obligate anaerobes from strict anaerobes?
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12.
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What are the three certain enzymes that obligate anaerobes are lacking?
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13.
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Why is oxygen directly toxic to obligate anaerobes?
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14.
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Why is oxygen indirectly toxic to obligate anaerobes?
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15.
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What do anaerobes require with respect to oxygen levels?
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16.
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Where do you find areas with low redox potentials suited for anaerobic growth?
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17.
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What is a redox potential (Eh)?
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18.
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What does a positive reduction potential mean?
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19.
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What does a negative reduction potential mean?
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20.
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In anaerobic conditions, how are electrons and protons transferred?
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21.
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Does oxygen have a high affinity for electrons or a low affinity for electrons?
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22.
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When you increase the oxygen concentration in a growth media how is the redox potential affected?
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23.
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What is the redox potential in normal healthy tissues?
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24.
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How do redox potentials vary with plaque development over 7 days?
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25.
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What are three conditions that may lead to low redox potentials?
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26.
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What conditions do anaerobic bacteria thrive in?
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27.
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Are anaerobic bacteria fastidious?
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28.
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How do anaerobic bacteria get their energy?
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29.
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What is characteristic of energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria?
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30.
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How many organisms are found in the human GI tract? How many different species?
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31.
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What percentages of the cells in our body are non-human?
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32.
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What is the main type of bacteria living in the GI tract?
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33.
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Where are the majority of these anaerobic bacteria found in the GI tract?
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34.
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What is the importance of anaerobes living in the human ecosystem?
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35.
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What are the three virulence factors of non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria?
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36.
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Deficiencies in individual strains can be supplemented for by other bacteria. What mechanism will allow for this?
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37.
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What are the eight non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Negative Rods?
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“Cap’n Fuso previously aggregated @ camp Porphyromonas to tan his bacter.”
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- Capnocytophaga sp.
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38.
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What are the six non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Positive Rods?
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39.
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What is the one non-spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that is a Gram Negative Cocci?
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40.
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What are the two non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Positive Cocci?
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41.
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What are the five non-spore-forming anaerobes other than periodontal pathogens?
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42.
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Are Bacteriodes fragilis and thetaiomicron Gram positive or Gram negative? Are they rods or cocci, anaerobic or aerobic?
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43.
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Where can you most frequently isolate these organisms? B. fragilis and thetaiomicron
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44.
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Where do these organisms normally colonize?
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45.
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What is an important characteristic of B. thetaiomicron?
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46.
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Where else can you find Bacteroides?
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47.
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What are the five virulence factors for Bacteroides fragilis?
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48.
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What is the most important strict anaerobic non-spore-forming bacterium causing clinical disease?
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49.
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Bacteroides fragilis is the major cause of infections where?
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50.
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What other infections does B. fragilis cause?
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51.
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How does Propionibacterium acnes Gram stain? What is its morphology?
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52.
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Where does P. acnes normally infect?
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53.
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Where else might you find P. acnes?
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54.
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What does Propionibacterium acnes is able to generate what?
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55.
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How does Mobiluncus Gram stain/morphology?
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56.
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Is Mobiluncus motile?
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57.
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What is Mobiluncus strongly associated with?
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58.
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Where is Bifidobacterium normal flora?
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59.
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Bifidobacterium has been linked with evidence to what?
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60.
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Bifidobacterium may constitute >90% of the total intestinal flora in who?
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61.
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Lactobacillus is what kind of organism?
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62.
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Where is Lactobacillus normal flora of?
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63.
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Give an example of the several vaginal species that produce hydrogen peroxide.
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64.
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What are the four plaque-induced gingival diseases?
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65.
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What are the seven non-plaque induced gingival lesions?
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66.
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What are the seven different types of periodontitis?
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67.
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Of the above types of periodontitis which is the most common?
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68.
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Is chronic periodontitis localized, generalized or both?
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69.
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Is aggressive periodontitis localized, generalized or both?
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70.
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Is periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease genetic?
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71.
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Necrotizing periodontal diseases are associated with what other diseases?
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72.
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Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
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73.
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What are the periodontal disease risk factors?
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74.
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Where is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
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75.
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Where is Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
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76.
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Where is Tannerella forsythia isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
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77.
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What are the three bacteria that are strongly associated with periodontal disease?
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78.
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What bacteria are moderately associated with periodontal disease?
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79.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans what is the gram stain and shape?
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80.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans grows best in what conditions?
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81.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genetically related to what genus
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82.
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What factors are required for Haemophilus?
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83.
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Are these required for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
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84.
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What are the 5 virulence factors for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
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85.
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What is Leukotoxin do?
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86.
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What does Immunosuppresive factor do?
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87.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of few bacteria capable of colonizing in what two places?
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88.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth inhibited in the presence of what two bacteria?
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89.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is strongly implicated in what disease?
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90.
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Particularly where?
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91.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the blood stream may result in what?
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92.
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DOC?
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93.
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What is a strange way of getting infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
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94.
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Porphyromonas is what gram stain and shape?
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95.
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Porphyromonas grows best under what conditions?
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96.
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Porphyromonas is sensitive to what?
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97.
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How does Porphyromonas look on agar?
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98.
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Porphyromonas uses accumulated hemin for what?
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99.
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All specie of Porphyromonas are found where
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100.
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What are the two species of Porphyromonas?
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101.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors
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102.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with what disease?
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103.
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What is the previous name for Tannerella Forysthia?
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104.
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Tannerella Forysthia gram stain and shape?
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105.
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Tannerella Forysthia grows best under what conditions?
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106.
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Is Tannerella Forysthia pigmented?
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107.
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Tannerella Forysthia strongly associated with what diease?
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108.
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Tannerella Forysthia virulence factors
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109.
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Tannerella Forysthia synergizes with what bacteria?
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110.
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What does BspA protein do?
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111.
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Which of the bacteria have endotoxin as a virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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112.
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Which of bacteria use LPS – induced bone resorption for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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113.
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Which of the bacteria use butyric, propionic acids for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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114.
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Which of the bacteria use ammonia for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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115.
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Which of the following bacteria use collagenase as virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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116.
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Which of the bacteria use protease, sialidase for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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117.
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Which of the following bacteria use leukotoxin as virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
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118.
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Fusobacterium is gram what?
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119.
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Fusobacterium is what shape?
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120.
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Fusobacterium is also part of what group of organisms? (others also are streptococci and spirochetes)
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121.
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Fusobacterium virulence factor?
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122.
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Fusobacterium has a capsule?
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123.
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Provetalla intermedia gram stain and shape?
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124.
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Provetella intermedia grows best how?
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125.
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Is it sensitive to bile?
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126.
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Pigmented or nonpigmented ?
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127.
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Uses what virulence factor?
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128.
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Provetella melaninogencia produces what pigment?
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129.
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Provetella melaninogencia is isolated in large numbers from where?
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130.
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Associated with infections above or below the diaphragm
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131.
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Often seen after what?
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132.
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Which is seen where?
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133.
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This converts what to what?
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134.
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Associated with what?
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135.
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Common player in what type of infection?
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136.
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Which these infections cause?
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137.
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Campylobacter rectus gram stain and shape?
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138.
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Campylobacter rectus grows best in what conditions?
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139.
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Campylobacter rectus virulence factor
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140.
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Organisms found in large numbers in subgingival dental plawue of what type of patients?
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141.
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Where on the tooth is this bacterium also found?
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142.
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Capnocytophaga sp. Describe the bacteria and gram stain and shape?
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143.
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Capnocytophaga sp. Grows in what conditions?
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144.
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Capnocytophaga sp. Can colonize where?
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145.
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Capnocytophaga sp. Associated with?
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146.
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Capnocytophaga sp. Responds to what drugs?
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147.
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Eubacterium gram stain and shape?
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148.
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Eubacterium normally found?
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149.
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Eubacterium implicated in what diseases?
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150.
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Eubacterium comprises over 50% of anaerobes where in the oral cavity?
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151.
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E. Yurii is involved in what ?
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152.
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Actinomyces are what gram stain and shape?
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153.
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Actinomyces grows best under what conditions
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154.
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What are the three species of Actinomyces?
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A.
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Odontolyticus
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A.
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Israelii
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155.
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A. naeslundii is implicated where?
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156.
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A. odontolyticus causes what?
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157.
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A. israelii are what type of pathogen?
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158.
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A. israelli causes what?
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