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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
communicable disease
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disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment
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pathogen
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an organism that causes disease
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infection
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a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells
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viruses
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pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
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bacteria
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single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth
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toxin
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substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions
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vector
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an organism, usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals
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immune system
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a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens
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inflammatory response
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a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
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communicable disease
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a disease that is spread form one living thing to another or through the environment
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pathogen
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an organism that causes disease
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infection
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a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells
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viruses
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pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
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bacteria
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single-celled microorganisms
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bacteria
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single-celled microorganisms
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toxin
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a substance that kills cells or interferes with their function
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vector
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an organism, usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals
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immune system
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a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens
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inflammatory response
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a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
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phagocyte
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a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens
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antigen
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a substance that is capable of triggering an immune response
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immunity
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the state of being protected against a particular disease
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lymphocyte
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a specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity
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antibody
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a protein that acts against a specific antigen
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vaccine
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a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response
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pneumonia
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an infection of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid
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jaundice
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a yellowing of the skin and eyes
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emerging infection
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communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
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sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) aka sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
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infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact
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epidemics
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occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected
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abstinence
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the deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, and alcohol, and other drugs
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human papillomavirus (HPV)
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a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection
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chlamydia
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a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females
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genital herpes
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an std caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV:
Type 1 usually causes cold sores Type 2 usually causes genital sores |
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gonorrhea
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a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes
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trichomoniasis
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an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder
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syphilis
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an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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a virus that attacks the immune system
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opportunistic infections
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infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems
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asymptomatic stage
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a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms
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symptomatic stage
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the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in immune cells
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Elisa aka EIA
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a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood.
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western blot (WB)
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the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States
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pandemic
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a global outbreak of infectious disease
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noncommunicable disease
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a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment
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cardiovascular disease (CVD)
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a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
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hypertension
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high blood pressure-pressure that is continually above the normal range for a particular person
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atherosclerosis
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the process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls
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angina pectoris
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a chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
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arrhythmias
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irregular heartbeats
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cancer
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the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
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tumor
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an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body
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benign
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noncancerous
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malignant
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cancerous
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metastasis
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the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body
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biopsy
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the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination
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remission
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a period of time when symptoms disappear
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histamines
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chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production in an area
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asthma
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an inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing
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diabetes
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a chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy
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autoimmune disease
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a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body
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arthritis
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a group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints
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osteoarthritis
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a disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down
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rheumatoid arthritis
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a disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation
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disability
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any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities, including seeing, hearing, walking, or speaking
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profound deafness
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a hearing loss so severe that a person affected cannon benefit from mechanical amplification
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mental retardation
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the below-average intellectual ability present from birth or early childhood and associated with difficulties in learning and social adaption
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americans with disabilities act
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a law prohibiting discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications
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