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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Positioning of patient with dyspnea |
indicates that the client often use multiple pillows when lying down or must sit with the arms elevated and leaning forward to breathe. |
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What is the best position for lung expansion? |
45 degree semi-Fowler's position is most effective for lung expansion provided the patient doesn't slide down in bed which creates pressure on the abdomen and diaphragm |
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What is the best position for patients with pneumothorax? |
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Pursed-lip breathing is for what? |
exercise most Effective for patients/clients with obstructive lung disease, particularly emphysema. Recall, these patients retain carbon dioxide due to the restrictive nature of their disease |
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How is pursed lip breathing performed? |
by breathing through the nose and then prolonging exhalation through “pursed-lips”. |
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What is the purpose of prolongation of exhalation during pursed lip breathing? |
to promote alveoli to remain open longer, enhancing the elimination of trapped CO2. |
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How long should the exhalation period for pursed lip breathing? |
2-3 times longer than inhalation |
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Atelectasis |
Collapse of alveoli (hyperventilation) |
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Hypoxia |
Inadequate oxygenation at the CELLULAR level |
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Hypoxemia |
Decrease oxygen levels in the BLOOD measured by PaO2 |
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Hypoventilation |
decrease in the rate and or depth of air movement into the lungs |
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Heyperventilation |
increased rate and depth of ventilation |
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What induces hyperventilation? |
anxiety |
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What causes hyperventilation? |
fever (increase temperature--> Increase metabolic rate-->Increase CO2 production) |
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What are signs and symptoms of hypoventilation? |
Mental status changes |
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What is the goal for ventilation? |
PaCO2 = 35-45 mm Hg |
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What factors affect respiratory function? |
Health status |
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How does health status affect respiratory function? |
1. Weakened states, don't deep breath |
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How does age affect respiratory function? |
as we age, our RR decreases |
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Give an example how lifestyle affect respiratory function? |
Exercise- increases depth |
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Examples how environment affect respiratory function? |
Air pollutants |
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How does stress affect respiratory function? |
Stress causes asthma attacks and hyperventilation |
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Physical Assessment |
History (smoking, use of O2, cough/sputum, chest pain, dyspnea, positioning, environmental exposure) |
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What are the methods used for assessing respiratory function? |
Pulse ox( SAO2) |
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What can you see using an X-ray? |
you can see tumors, pheumonia, fluid |
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Bronchosopy |
Lighted camerea inserted throughthe MOUTH into the mainstem BRONCHUS |
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Sputum Analysis |
from lungs, bronchi, trachea |
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Best time to collect sputum for analysis |
typically want 3 early morning specimens, before antibiotics |
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What is used to scan lung? |
V/Q scan to assess for pulmonary emboli |
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How would you promote healthy respirations? |
Deep breathing |
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When do we need to help our patients breath deeply? |
after anesthesia, on bedrest, on narcotics, in pain fructured ribs |
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How do you teach someone how to deep breath? |
breath deep enough to move bototm ribs. |
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Pursed lipped breathing |
for patients in pain, labor, panic attacks and SOA |
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Abdominal breathing |
Taught to COPD patients who are very SOA |
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What are nebulizers and MDIs for? |
-hand held machines attached to oxygen and humidity that give patients meds into the respiratory track. |
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What are examples of nebulizers/ metered dose inhalers? |
bronchodilators |
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Brochodialators are for what? |
to pen narrow airways |
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Mucolytic agents |
to liquidify and loosen thick secretions |
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Steroids |
to decrease inflammation and swelling |
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Who administer and chart Nebulizers and MDIs? |
Respiratory therapist |
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O2 Administration |
nasal cannula |
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Nasal Cannula |
2 prongs in nostrils |
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Simple Mask |
Lower doses of O2 for every short periods of time |
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Partial re-breather mask |
bag and oxygen msk |
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Which is the only mask that can deliver 100% oxygen to patients with extreme SOB? |
Nonbreather mask- Only mask that can deliver 100% oxygen |
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Which is the only oxygen mask that can deliver precise amount of oxygen? |
Venturi Mask -great for COPD patients |
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How often would you check oxygen level flow? |
every 4 hrs |
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How often should you remove mask to assess pt's skin? |
every 4 hours |
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How often should you assess pt's respiratory rate and effort |
every 4 hours and as needed |
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What should you do if your patient leaves the room? |
provide portable oxygen |
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Patient care on oxygen |
Do not allow anyone to smoke |
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what should you do before apply mask to patient? |
allow bag to fill with oxygen before applying |
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Treatments: Weaning off oxygen |
1. decrease % of O2 |
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Artificial airways |
Oropharyngeal/nasopharangeal |
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While oxygen is weaning off, what should you assess? |
assess vital sign, anxiety level, skin color |