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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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External Bodily Changes: Appearance - Hair |
Whitens, follicles die |
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External Bodily Changes: Appearance - Skin |
Loses collagen and becomes drier More wrinkles Age spots appear |
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External Bodily Changes: Appearance - Cartilage |
Nose and ears appear larger |
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External Bodily Changes: Appearance - Muscles |
Sarcopenia (age related loss of muscle mass and strength) Average loss of at most 20% between 60-70 and as much as 50% between 70-80 |
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External Bodily Changes: Appearance - height |
Shrinkage - related to muscle mass decrease |
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Motor Aging |
Balance - compensate with balancing exercises Decline in gait speed - compensate by taking longer steps Rapid decline may predict mortality |
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Internal Bodily Changes - Brain |
Overall volume shrinks gradually, “last-in first-out” loss of myelin Peripheral slowing - reaction time increases Compensation- cognitive reserve (the ability to make flexible and efficient use of available brain resources that permits cognitive efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability) Prevention: physical activity (especially walking, balancing exercises) stave off brain tissue loss, promote neurogenesis |
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Internal Bodily Changes - Cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems |
Cell loss and rigidity in heart (pumps blood less efficiently) Loss of cells and elasticity in lungs reduces flow of oxygen Decline in immune function Greater risk of flu, pneumonia, cancer, autoimmune diseases Prevention: vaccines, nutrient-dense diet, exercise, no smoking |
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Sensory Changes |
May compensate with behavioral changes, environmental changes, medication, surgery, or combination |
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Sensory changes - Vision |
Normal Changes - reduced lens transparency, pupil size, optic nerve efficiency, distance vision - increased need for light, time to adapt to light/dark Eye diseases: glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration |
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Sensory changes - hearing |
Increased loss, especially higher frequencies Underuse of hearing aids: accidents, social withdrawal, faster cognitive decline |
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Taste and smell |
Less sensitive to taste (dry mouth) and smell Rapid decline in olfaction may indicate deteriorating health Undereating, over-salting |
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