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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism
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physical and chemical processes of cells burning food to produce and use energy. Ex: digestion, waste elimination, breathing, thermoregulation, muscular contraction, brain function and circulation
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Osteomalacia
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Softening of bones
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Osteopenia
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Low bone mass; deprivation of bone
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Osteopetrosis
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Increased bone density
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Osteoporosis
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decreased bone density
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pH
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Measure of hydrogen Ion concentration
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Phenylketonuria
(amino acid/organic acid metabolic disorder) |
Elevated serum phenylalanine
Autosomal recessive, white Brain most affected Babies with levels >6 mg/dl require treatment Sever mental retardation, gait disturbances, hyperactivity, psychoses, abnormal body odor, lighter skin coloring Dietary restriction of phenylalanine. Prevention can prevent all symptoms |
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Tay-Sachs Disease
(Lysosomal storage disorder) |
Absent or deficient hexosaminidase A producing accumulated gangliosides
Autosomal recessive, Eastern Euro Jews At 6 months misses milestone. Retardation, paralysis, dies by 5 No effective treatment, genetic testing to ID carriers |
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Mitochondrial Disorders
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Genetically inherited or spontaneous mutations
100 different forms Treatment varied as sypmtomology. aims to slow disease down |
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Wilson's Disease
(Hepatolenticular degeneration) |
Autosomal recessive defect in body's ability to metabolize copper.
Accumulation in brain, liver, cornea, kidneys. At age six, Kayser-Fleischer rings around iris, degenerative changes in basal ganglia, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, athetoid movements, ataxic gait patterns. Treatment is long term vitamin B6 and D-penicillamine which promote copper excretion. Hepatic disease prevention is emphasized as well |
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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Increase in Bicarbonate/Loss of acids
pH>7.45 Continuous vomiting, ingestion of antacids/basics, diuretic therapy, hypokalemia, nasogastric suctioning Sx: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, confusion, fasciculations, cramping, neuromuscular hyperexcitability, convulsions, paresthesias, hypoventilation Tx: Correcting cause, correcting electrolyte imbalances, administering potassium chloride |
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Accumulation of Acids/Bicarbonate loss
Renal failure, lactic acidosis, starvation, diabetic/alcoholic ketoacidosis, severe diarrhea, poisoning pH<7.35 Sx: compensatory hyperventalation, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, weakness, malaise, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmias Tx: correcting cause, correcting electrolytes, administering NaCO3 |
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Osteomalacia
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Bones become soft secondary to calcium or phosphorus deficiency. Bone matrix is good, but lack of calcification.
Calcium lost through poor intestine absorbtion Phosphorus lost due to increased renal excretion. Vit D deficiency is possible cause. Sx: vague aching, fatigue, weight loss. Myopathy, sensory polyneuropathy, thoracic kyphosis, LE bowing Tx: Correct underlying etiology |
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Osteoporosis
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Decrease in bone mass
Primary: Idiopathic, postmenopausal, involutional (senile) Secondary: another condition, certain meds Primarily trabecular and cortical bone. Resorbtion increases, formation declines. Lower osteoblast fxn and loss of calcium and phosphate lead to brittleness Sx: fractures, lower thor/lumbar pain, loss of lumbar lordosis, decrease in height, dowager's hump Tx: Vitamins and pharmacy, nutrition, assistive/adaptive devices, education. Surgery for Fx |
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Paget's Disease
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Heightened osteoclast activity producing excess bone without good structural integrity
Pt over 50, regional and genetic Bony deformities (kyphosis, coxa varus, bowing, vertebral compresson) Skull, pelvis, femur, spine and tibia most common sites Sx: MSK pain, vertigo, hearing loss, mental loss, fatigue, increased cardiac output and subsequent heart failure Tx: biphosphonates to inhibit bone resorption. Exercise, weight control and cardiac fitness maintain strength and motion |
