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37 Cards in this Set

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Define: "Large-Volume Intravenous Solution"
Single dose injections containing greater than 100 mL of solution that are intended for IV use.

These are occasionally called Large Volume Parenterals (LVPs)
Define: "Small-Volume Injection"
Single dose or multidose injections containing less than 100 mL of solution
Where is the intradermal injection area?
It is just below the surface of the skin between the interface of the epidermis and the dermis
When is ID usually used?
For skin tests in which systemic absorption is undesirable and could be dangerous
What size volume is typically found in ID injections?
Small quantities, usually 0.1mL

Typical Volume Range: 0.02 mL to 0.5 mL
What size syringes are typically used for ID syringes and what are they called?
1 mL Tuberculin syringes

They are also available with or without needles
What is the subcutaneous injection site?
The fatty tissue located beneath the skin between the dermis and muscle
What volume size syringes are typically used for sub-q injections?
1 or 3 mL
What is the intramuscular injection site?
In a muscle mass, usually the deltoid, gluteus maximus or vastus lateralis (top of the leg)
What volume size syringes are typically used for IM injections?
1 to 5 mL
What is a Z-track?
Used in IM injections to prevent backflow of medication into sub-q tissue
What is the recommended muscle in children for IM injection and why?
Vastus Lateralis

It is the largest muscle mass in children under the age of 3 and is devoid of major nerves and vessels
Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 15 years or older
Deltoid - 1 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 2 to 2.5mL
Ventrogluteal - 2 to 2.5mL
Vastus Lateralis - 2 to 2.5mL
Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 6 to 15 y/o
Deltoid - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 1.5 to 2 mL
Ventrogluteal - 1.5 to 2 mL
Vastus Lateralis -1.5 to 2 mL
Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 3 to 6 y/o
Deltoid - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - 1.5 mL
Ventrogluteal - 1.5 mL
Vastus Lateralis - 1.5 mL
Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 1 1/2 to 3 y/o
Deltoid - Not rec unless only site available - 0.5 mL
Gluetus Maximus - Not rec unless only site available - 1 mL
Ventrogluteal - Not rec unless only site available - 1 mL
Vastus Lateralis - 1 mL
Name the volumes that can be injected for each muscle groups in those aged 1 1/2 and younger
Deltoid - Not Recommended
Gluetus Maximus - Not Recommended
Ventrogluteal - Not Recommended
Vastus Lateralis - 0.5 to 1 mL
When is the intravenous delivery usually used?
- Fluids
- Electrolytes
- Nutrient replacement
- System drug administration
What is the fluid limit for IV administrations?
3 liters a day for adults

Less for children
What are the different types of IV administration?
- Continuous/Constant Infusion
- Intermittent
- Bolus/IV Push
What are the advantages of a continuous IV?
1) Allows fluid and drug therapy to be administered simultaneously
2) Achieves continuous blood levels
3) Minimizes vein irritation and trauma
4) Cost-saving (more efficient delivery)
What are the disadvantages of a continuous IV?
1) Requires greater monitoring
2) If it infiltrates, part of the dose is not administered
3) Cannot be used on fluid-restricted patients
4) Extended run times cannot be used with some unstable drugs
Define: "Continuous IV"
Large volume that is slowly and continuously dripped into a vein
Define: "Intermittent IV"
An intermediate volume (25-100 mL) give in an intermediate period of time (15-60 minutes) at spaced intervals
What are the advantages of intermittent IV?
- Less monitoring than continuous infusion
- Less chance of toxicity due to limited volume and administration time than bolus
- More drugs are stable in this form than in bolus administration
What are the disadvantages of intermittent IV?
- Fluids and electrolytes cannot be given this way
- Blood levels are less consistent than continuous
- Cannot be used for direct administration to an organ or tissue
- Sometimes impractical in emergency situations
Define: "IV Push or Bolus"
Administer via syringe in a short period of time directly into a vein or IV tubing that goes into a vein
What are the advantages to a bolus IV dose?
- Used for immediate injection in emergency situations
- No monitoring of fluid
- Less expensive
What are the disadvantages to a bolus IV dose?
- Many drugs are irritating due to high conc
- Some drugs are less stable
- Drug toxicity is a bigger problem
- Drug levels are less even
- Repeated doses may require more staff time
What are the five rights?
1) Right Medication
2) Right Dose
3) Right Route
4) Right Patient
5) Right Time
Define: "Priming Volume"
The extra volume of a drug, or drugs, which must be drawn out to fill the hub of the syringe
What needs to be visible on the manufacturer label for a LVP?
- Name
- Type of solution
- Lot number
Define: "Pyrogen"
Substance which induces fever
What are disadvantages of parenteral therapy?
- More difficult and costly to produce
- Special equipment, devices and techniques are required
- Cannot be removed once administered
- Introduction of pathogens into the product can have serious results
- Pain or tissue damage due to administration
What are the non-aqueous vehicles for parenterals?
- Fixed oils
- Glycerin
- PEG
- Alcohol
What is required of the solvents used in parenterals?
1) Non-irritating
2) Non-toxic
3) Non-sensitizing
4) No pharmacological activity of its own
5) Not affect activity of drug
A MD orders 1,000 mL of OS for a pt to be given over a period of 10 minutes with a rate of 1,000 drops/min.

The question is, who loves Orange Soda?
Kel loves orange soda