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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
function of pinacocyte |
flattened cells that collectively make up the outer sponge body wall |
|
function of amoebocyte |
mobile cell that carries food to other sponge cells and has ability to transform in any other cell type |
|
function of porocyte |
doughnut-shaped cell that channels water into the radial canals |
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function of choanocyte |
flagellated cell that lines the interior surface of radial canals and captures food particles for thesponge |
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Water flows into the sponge body through numerous pores on the outer surface called |
ostia |
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after water flows through ostia, it passes through incurrent canals and then through other smaller openings in specialized cells called ______ into ________ canals that are lined with choanocytes |
porocytes; radial |
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water is dumped into the large central chamber called the ____________ and then released through the
|
spongocoel; osculum |
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What is the advantage of a folded or convoluted body wall in sponges? |
It increases surface area for absorptionof nutrients and improved gas exchange. |
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What cell type in sponges is responsible for distributing nutrients to other cells? |
amoebocytes |
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Why were living sponges placed in Ca2+/Mg2+ free seawater overnight? |
Living sponges were placed in Ca2+/Mg2+ free seawater overnight toweaken the bonds of intercellular adhesion and permit dissociation of the sponge cells. |
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which layer is thicker in adult cnidarians? |
gastrodermis is thicker and gastrovascular cavity is usually larger |
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In which tissue layer are the cnidocytes located? Why? |
in the epidermis because they are used for defense and prey capture so they need to be in the outermost layer |
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explain nematocyst discharge |
When the small trigger on the cnidocyte is stimulated,an increase in osmotic pressure within the cell causes the nematocyst to violently discharge |
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What type of digestion is Hydra capable of: intracellular, extracellular, or both?
|
both |
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List several ways in which Obelia differs from Aurelia
|
-Obelia is colonial polyp
-Obelia has reproductive polyps -Obelia is more sessile
|
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Compare and contrast the scyphozoan medusa with the medusa bud of Obelia. |
-both have radial symmetry with tentacles around mouth -scyphozoans are bigger with smaller tentacles -hydrozoan medusae lack oral arms |
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What do you suppose is the function or purpose of these folds of the gastrovascular cavity wall (the septa)? |
support and increasing surface area for improved digestive efficiency |
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Pore that permits circulation of fluid between chambers |
ostium |
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Extensions around mouth for defense and capture of prey |
tentacles |
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Thin, vertical wall that divides body and provides increased surface areafor digestion |
primary septum |
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two similarities between cnidarians and ctenophores. |
decentralized nerve net, carnivorous predators |
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What characteristics of ctenophores cause zoologists to classify them in a separate phylum from cnidarians? |
all species lack cnidocytes, possess comb plants used for mobility, have complete digestive system |
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What structures determine whether a polyp of Obelia is a hydranth (feeding polyp) or a gonangium (reproductivepolyp)? |
hydranths have tentacles, gonangia don't |
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What modification do sea anemones possess that allows food and water to be distributed among the partitionedregions of their bodies? |
ostia |
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What modification do sea anemones possess to increase their digestive surface area? |
septa |
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does class anthozoa have a medusa form? |
no |
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what phylum is a comb jelly? |
phylum ctenophora |
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what stages does hydrozoa have? (polyp/medusa/both) |
both |
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what dominant stage does class scyphozoa have? |
dominant medusa |
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name 1 |
tentacles |
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name 3 |
secondary septum |
|
name 2 |
pharynx |
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name the purpose of c |
defense |
|
name 5 |
ostium |
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name 6 |
primary septum |
|
name 7 |
pedal disc |
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what are incurrent canals |
tiny pores scattered along folds of |
|
1 |
spongocoel |
|
2 |
radial canal |
|
3 |
ostium |
|
4 |
incurrent canal |
|
2 |
choanocyte chamber |
|
1 |
spongocoel |
|
2 |
radial canal |
|
3 |
choanocytes |
|
4 |
apopyle |
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type of spicule |
spongin |
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type of spicule |
calcium carbonate or spicules |
|
A |
mouth
|
|
B |
hypostome |
|
D |
epidermis
|
|
C |
gastrovascular cavity
|
|
E |
mesoglea
|
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F |
gastrodermis |
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D |
basal foot |
|
C |
body column |
|
B |
hypostome |
|
A |
tentacles |
|
female or male |
female |
|
A |
medusa buds |
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B |
hydranth
|
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C |
gonangium |
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D |
hypostome
|
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E |
coenosarc
|
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F |
perisarc
|
|
G |
tentacles
|
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function of hypostome |
regulate size of mouth
|
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gonangium function |
poly specialized for reproduction |
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coenosarc function |
location of extracellular digestion |
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perisarc function |
protective function |
|
1 |
tentacles |
|
2 |
radial canal |
|
3,4 |
manubriam |
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function of manubriam |
supports mouth |
|
A |
mouth
|
|
B |
gonad
|
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C |
oral arms
|
|
D |
gastric puch |
|
F |
rhopalium |
|
E |
radial canals |
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what are radial canals |
extensions of gastric pouches that distribute nutrients throughout body |
|
pharynx function |
muscle to pull in food |
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primary septum function |
supports and increases surface area for digestion |
|
acontia function |
contain cnidocytes |
|
class |
hexactinellida |
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phylum and class |
cnidaria; anthozoa |
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what phylum are comb jellies |
ctenophora |
|
phylum and class |
cnidaria, hydrozoa |
|
obelia class? |
hydrozoa |
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phylum + class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
mollusca, polyplacophora |
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phylum and class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
mollusca, gastropoda |
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phylum and class |
mollusca, bivalvia |
|
phylum and class |
mollusca, gastropoda |
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phylum and class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
mollusca, polyplacophora |
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phylum and class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
mollusca, cephalopoda |
|
|
mollusca, cephalopoda |
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phylum and class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
annelida ;polychaeta |
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phylum and class (not cnidarian or porifera lab) |
annelida, polychaeta |
|
phylum/class of leeches |
annelida; hirudinea |
|
phylum class |
annelida; hirudinea |