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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
absolute value
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the number of spaces that a number is from zero on a number line
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acute
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an angle less than 90 degrees
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additive identity property
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zero added to any number does not change that number
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additive inverse property
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a number plus its opposite is zero. 2 + -2 = 0
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angle
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a figure made from two rays with a common end point
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area
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the inside space of a two dimensional shape
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arithmetic sequence
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a sequence which uses + or -, e.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 19 (+2)
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associative property for addition
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the sum of a set of numbers is the same regardless of its grouping
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associative property for multilication
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the product of a set of numbers is the same regardless of its grouping
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balance point
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the mean or average of a set of numbers
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bar graph
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a chart where values are represented by rectangles
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base
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a number paired with an exponent. In four squared, four is the base.
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base
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the bottom side of a figure
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benchmark
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a well known number such as 1/2 that can be used to compare with less known numbers such as 7/12
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bimodal
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when a set of numbers has two modes
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bisect
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to divide something in half
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capacity
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the maximum amount that something can contain
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centimeter
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1/100th of a meter. 2.5 cm = 1 inch
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central angle
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an angle in a circle that passes through the center
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circle graph
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a graph for parts of a whole, commonly called a pie chart
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circumference
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the length of a circle; similar to perimeter
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coefficient
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a constant used to multiply another quantity, In 3x=6, the coefficient is 3
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common difference
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the difference between all terms in an arithmetic sequence, e.g. +2
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common ratio
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the difference between all terms in a geometric sequence, e.g. x2
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commutative property for addition
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the sum of a set of numbers is the same regardless of its order
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commutative property for mutiplication
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the product of a set of numbers is the same regardless of its order
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compass
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a tool used to draw circles
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compatible numbers
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numbers that are easy to manipulate mentally
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compound event
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an event that consists of two, or more, simple events;
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congruent
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the same shape and size
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coordiante plane
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this is formed by two intersecting number lines called x and y
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corresponding
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at the same position in different figures
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cube
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a box-shaped solid object that has six identical square faces
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cup
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1/2 a pint, or 1/16 of a gallon
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data
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numbers collected for analysis
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decimal
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a number written using tenths, hundredths, thousandths or other fractions of 10 such as the number 2.475.
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dependent events
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events that occur only after a previous event.
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diagonal
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slanted
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diameter
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the length of a line from one edge of a circle, through the center, to the other side
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difference
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the result of subtraction
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distributive property
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a(b + c) = ab + ac.
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dividend
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a number to be divided by another number. In 72 ÷ 9, this is 72
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divisor
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a number that divides into another. In 72 ÷ 9, this is 9
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equation
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a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
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equivalent
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equal
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estimation
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a rough calculation or guess
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exponent
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a small number which shows the number of times that a base is to be multiplied by itself. In four squared, 2 is the exponent
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expression
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a mathematical phrase that can contain ordinary numbers, variables (like x or y) and operators (like add,subtract,multiply, and divide).
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face
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each of the surfaces of a solid
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factor
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a number which is multiplied with another to make a given number
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foot
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12 inches
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formula
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a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
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fraction
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a numerical quantity that is not a whole number, written as one number divided by another
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front-end estimation
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an estimation method that uses the first digit of a number & make the other digits zeros.
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gallon
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4 quarts
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geometric sequence
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a sequence which uses X or ÷, e.g. 2, 4, 8, 16 (x2)
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gram
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1/1000th of a kilogram
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greatest common factor
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the largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.
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grouping symbols
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parentheses and brackets, used to show which calculations are done first
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hatch or tick mark
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small marks on sides of a figure to show congruence
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identity elements
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in addition, this is zero. In multiplication, it's one. It's the number which doesn't change another number
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improper fraction
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a fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator, such as 5/4
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inch
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1/12 of a foot, about 2.5cm
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independent events
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events that do not affect each other's probability
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inequality
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a number sentence with <, >, or ≠
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integer
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positive whole numbers, their opposites, and zero
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intersecting
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crossing
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inverses
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operations that undo each other. Multiplciation is the inverse of division; addition for subtraction
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isosceles trapezoid
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a trapezoid with the non-parallel sides congruent
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kilogram
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1000 grams, or a bit over 2 pounds
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kilometer
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1000 meters, or a little over half a mile
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kite
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a quadrilateral with adjacent congruent sides
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least common multiple
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the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
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line graph
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a chart that uses points andn lines to show change over time.
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line segment
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part of a line
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liter
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a metric unit similar to a quart
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mass
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the amount of matter in something
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mean
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the average of a set of numbers. the mean of 0, 4, 6 is 2
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measures of center
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numbers that give some indication of the distribution of data. Three common measures of central tendency are mean, median, and mode.
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median
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the middle value in a set of numbers.
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meter
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100 cm
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metric system
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the decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram
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mile
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the customary unit of long distance. about 1 1/2 kilometers
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milliliter
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1/1000th of a liter
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millimeter
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1/1000th of a meter
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mixed number
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a number with an integer and a fraction
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mode
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the most frequent value in a set of numbers
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multiple
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a number that can be divided by another number without a remainder
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multiplicative identity property
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any number times 1 is unchanged
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multiplicative inverse property
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a number times its reciprocal is 1, e.g. 8 x 1/8 = 1
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multiplicative property of zero
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zero times any number is zero
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net
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a flat model that can be cut out and assembled into a 3D shape
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noncongruent
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not the same shape and size
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obtuse
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an angle greater than 90 degrees
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opposites
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Numbers with the same absolute value but different signs, e.g. 5 and -5
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opposites
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two numbers that are the same distance from zero on a number line, one positive, and one negative
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order of operations
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rules which determine the operations to be done first. PEMDaS
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ordered pair
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two numbers that identify a point in a coordinate plane, written as (x, y)
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origin
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where the x and y axes intersect in a coordinate plane. Has the values (0,0)
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ounce
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1/16 of a pound, or about 30 grams
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outcome
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the result of an event
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parallel
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lines that are side by side and never touch
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parallelogram
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a quadrilaterial with opposite parallel sides
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percent
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the rate, number, or amount in each hundred
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perfect square
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a number (for example, 9) that is the square of another number (in this case, 3)
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perimeter
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the distance around the edge of a shape
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perpendicular
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a intersecting, 90° line
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perpendicular bisector
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a line that is perpendicular to the middle of another line
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pi
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the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, about 3.14
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pint
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customary unit; 2 cups or about 1/4 of a liter
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plane
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a flat surface that extends in all directions
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plane figure
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a shape on one plane, with height and width, like a circle or square
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polygon
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a closed figure made from three or more lines
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pound
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customary unit; 16 ounces or about 1/2 a kilogram
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power of a number
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exponents are read using this term, so 7^4 is read as "seven to the fourth power"
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probability
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a measure of how likely it is that some event will happen
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product
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the result of multiplication
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proper fraction
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a fraction that is less than one, with the numerator less than the denominator
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protractor
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a tool used to measure angles
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quadrants
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the four areas of the coordinate plane
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quadrilateral
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a four sided plane figure
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quart
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customary unit; 32 fluid ounces, or about 1 liter
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quotient
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the result of division
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radius
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the distance from the center to the edge of the circle
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rate
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a ratio that compares two quantieis measured in different units
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ratio
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a relationship between two values, where one value is divided by the other, commonly expressed as a fraction.
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rational number
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an integer or a fraction
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ray
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a line with a point on one end
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reciprocal
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one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: such as 2/3 and 3/2
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rectangle
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a plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles
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rectangular prism
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a solid figure where all sides are rectangles and all sides are perpendicular, such as a brick or a shoebox.
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repeating decimal
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a decimal with endlessly repeating digits, 1 ÷ 3 = .33333
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rhombus
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any parallelogram with equal sides, including a square
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right angle
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an angle that is exactly 90 degrees
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rounding
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to change a number to make it more useful, e.g. 5.2355 = $5.24
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sample space
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a list or diagram of all the possible outcomes of an experiment
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simple event
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an event with a single result
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simplest form
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a fraction where both numbers have only 1 as a common factor
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simplify
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fractions are simplified by dividing both numbers by common factors, e.g. 4/8 ÷ 2/2 = 1/2
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solid figure
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a three-dimensional shape
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square
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a plane figure with four equal straight sides and four right angles
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square root
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one of two equal factors of a number
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straight angle
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a line that measuers 180 degrees
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sum
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the result of addition
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surface area
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the area required to cover a three-dimensional shape.
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survey
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a set of questions used to collect data about people
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terminating decimal
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a decimal whose digits do not repeat, e.g. 7 ÷ 8 = 0.875
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terms
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parts of an expression separated by + or -
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ton
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customary unit; 2000 pounds, or about 1000 kilograms
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trapezoid
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a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides
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triangle
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a closed figure with three sides
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U.S. Customary System
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the measuring system the users inches, pounds, and liters
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variable
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a letter used to represent an number
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vertex
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the meeting point of two lines in an angle; a corner
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volume
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the amount of space inside something
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weight
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the force of gravity pulling mass down
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whole number
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a number without fractions; an integer
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x-axis
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the horizontal number line in a coordinate plane
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yard
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customary unit; 3 feet
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y-axis
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the vertical number line in a coordinate plane
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