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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vascular tissue that forms hollow vessels that transport substances
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Xylem
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Plant that absorbs water through cell walls instead of tube like structures
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Nonvascular
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A plant with one cotyledon (leaf)
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monocot
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small openings in the surface of most plant leaves
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stomata
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Threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground
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rhizoids
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Provides structure and support in cell walls
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Cellulose
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Vascular tissue that produces xylem and phloem cells as a plant grows
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Cambium
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A plant with two cotyledons (leaves)
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dicot
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Vascular tissue that forms tubes that transport sugar and water
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phloem
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Vascular plants that do not flower
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gymnosperm
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Flowering vascular plants
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angiosperm
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With tube-like structures that move minerals and water through the plant
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vascular
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Waxy protective layer that covers stems, leaves and flower parts
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cuticle
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First organisms to grown in new or disturbed areas. They break down rock and build soil
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Pioneer species
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Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing
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guard cells
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Plant adaptations include the development of water resistant what?
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Spores
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What system was developed by Linnaeus and gives each species a 2-word name
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Binomial nomendature
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What two things show that plants and green algae probably had a common ancestor
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Chlorophyll and carotenoids
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What is the substance in plants that make them green?
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chlorophyll
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How do cell walls and cuticle help plants live in deserts
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They slow down water loss
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How do scientists study evolution?
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They look at fossils
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How is life on land advantageous for plants
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they have more sunlight and carbon dioxide
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What provides plant cells with structure and protection
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Cell walls
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process where plants use chlorophyll to make food
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photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll is found in a cell structure called what
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chloroplast
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What are the red, yellow or orange pigments that are also used for photosynthesis
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carotenoids
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To reproduce, plants developed what two things
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spores and seeds
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Water is absorbed and distributed directly through what
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cell membranes
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How do seedless plants reproduce
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spores
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What nonvascular plant is a green, leaflike growth arranged around a central stalk
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mosses
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What non-vascular plant has flattened, leaflike bodies
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liverworts
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What nonvascular plant has only one chloroplast in each of their cells
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hornworts
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Which plants grow thicker and bigger, vascular or non-vascular
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Vascular
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Vascular plants have what three parts
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stems, leaves and roots
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What are fern leaves called
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fronds
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What kind of leaves do club mosses have
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needlelike
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which vascular plants have jointed stems with a hollow center
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horsetails
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what is used for weaving material and basketry
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ferns
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a thin layer of cells on the upper and lower surface of a leaf
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epidermis
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each stoma is surrounded by two what that open and close it
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guard cells
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What layer contains the chloroplasts were most food is made
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Palisade Layer
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What is the loosely arranged layer of loosely arranged cells and air
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Spongy layer
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Stems allow the movement of materials between what two plant parts
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Leaves and roots
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what are the two kinds of stems
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herbaceous and woody
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which stems are soft and green
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herbaceous
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what stems are hard and rigid
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woody
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What are the three kinds of vascular tissue
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xylem, phloem and cambium
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which tissue transports water from the roots throughout the plan
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Xylem tissue
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which tissue produces xylem and phloem cells
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cambium tissue
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which tissue moves food from where it is made to other parts of the plant
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phloem tissue
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Gymnosperms have no what
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flowers
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what are the four division of gymnosperms
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conifers, cycads, ginkgoes and gnetophytes
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conifers reproduce by male and female what
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cones
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what are the two groups of angiosperms
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monocots and dicots
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What kind of angiosperm has a life cycle of 1 year
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annual
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what angiosperm has a life cycle of about 2 years
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biennial
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what angiosperm takes more than two years to grow to maturity
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perennials
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