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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The anterior pituitary is also known as the ________. |
Adenohypophysis |
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The _____ are important family of _______ secretions |
Eicosanoids Paracrine |
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An endemic goiter results from _______ and (increases/decreases) release of _____ hormone. |
Iodine deficiency; decreases; thyroid hormone |
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The small intestine begins with the _____ the part connected to the stomach |
Duodenum |
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The outermost layer of most of the esophagus is called______ |
Adventitia |
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The process of _____ consists of muscular contractions whose effect is to need and churn contents. |
Segmentation |
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______ is the process of synthesizing glucose from amino acids. |
Gluconeogenisis |
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The product of anaerobic fermentation are _____ and _____. |
Lactic acid and NAD+ |
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True or false. Hormone serve as intercellular messagers |
False |
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True or false. Testosterone is a gonadotropin |
False |
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True or false. Testosterone is a gonadotropin |
False |
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True or false. Enamel is found in the crown of the tooth, whereas dentin is a part of both the crown in the root. |
True |
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True or false. Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach |
False |
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True or false. Aerobic respiration is more efficient then anaerobic fermentation, but the latter is oxygen dependent |
False |
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The post absorptive state is primarily regulated by insulin |
False |
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Steroid hormones bind to_____ of the target cell. |
Protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus |
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Which gland secretes calcitonin and a hormone that stimulates ATP production? |
Thyroid gland |
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The endocrine system reacts to stimuli (slowly/quickly) compared to the nervous system, adapts (slowly/quickly) compared to the nervous system, and has (widespread/specific) effects compared to the nervous system. |
Slowly; slowly; widespread |
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Which gland secretes oxytocin |
Posterior pituitary |
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Thyrotropin releasing hormone targets the_____ |
Anterior pituitary |
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Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone? Thyroid stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; growth hormone; somatostatin; prolactin |
Somatostatin |
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The_____ secretes a hormone which aids in immune function |
Thymus |
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Many hours after a meal, alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete_____ which _____ blood glucose. |
Glucagon; raises |
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The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called______. |
Mesenteries |
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Lipase is produced in the_____, _____, ______. |
Mouth, stomach, pancreas |
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Which of the following is not an extrinsic muscle of the tongue |
Lingualglossus |
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Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to____ |
Hydrochloric acid in chyme |
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Pepsinogen is produced by_____ and is activated by _____ which is secreted by_____ |
Chief cells; hydrochloric acid; parietal cells |
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Which of the following is not a component of pancreatic juice |
Enterokinase |
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Name some of the components of pancreatic juice |
Trypsinogen; chymotrypsinogen; pro carboxypeptidase; sodium bicarbonate |
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In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between_____ and ____ |
Carbon dioxide; water |
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The pancreas secretes a number of zymogens at the duodenum including_____, ____, ____. |
Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pro carboxypeptidase |
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_____ are short-term regulators of appetite, whereas______ is a long-term regulator |
Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin |
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What is the net result of energy from a single glycolysis run |
2 NADH; 2 ATP |
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Which of the following are macronutrients? |
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water |
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Which of the following does not describe the essential nutrients ( those that the body cannot make) All minerals, most vitamins, 15of the 20 amino acids, 1 of the 3 fatty acids |
15of the 20 amino acids |
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Which of the following is responsible for the removal of excess cholesterol from cells and the bloodstream? |
HDL's |
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True or false. Glycerol from the breakdown of triglycerides can contribute to glycolysis. |
True |
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What process produces most of the NADH that contributes to ATP synthesis in the cell? |
The citric acid cycle |
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The first step of glycolysis is ____ |
Phosphorylation |
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Name all the ways the body loses heat? |
Evaporation, radiation, conduction, convection |
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True or false. The action of pepsin on proteins in the stomach is an example of chemical digestion. |
True |
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True or false. The action of salivary amylase on food is an example of mechanical digestion. |
False |
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True or false. Pancreatic lipase contributes to mechanical digestion |
False |
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True or false. Pancreatic lipase contributes to mechanical digestion |
False |
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True or false. The emulsification of fats by bike is an example of chemical digestion |
False |
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True or false. Glycerol from the breakdown of triglycerides can contribute to the citric acid cycle. |
False |
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True or false. Further processing of the fatty acids of triglycerides can contribute to glycolysis |
False |
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Amino acids can be deaminated to form keto acids which then contribute to glycolysis only. |
False |
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What are priming |
Rearrangement of glucose to form fructose 6-phosphate |
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What is cleavage |
Split to form 2 PGAL |
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What is oxidation |
PGAL oxidized; NAD + and NADH+ 2H2; phosphate group added |
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Why is De phosphorylation |
ADP->ATP; pyruvic acid |