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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific:
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target cells.
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The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following:
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control. conduction. integration.
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Hormones can be classified as either
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steroid or nonsteroid.
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In _____, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.
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antagonism
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Unused hormones are usually quickly excreted by the kidneys.
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Because steroid hormone receptors are not attached to the plasma membrane, but seem to move freely in the nucleoplasm, this model of hormone action is called the _____ hypothesis.
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mobile-receptor
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The control of hormonal secretion is usually part of a(n)
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negative feedback loop.
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Nonsteroid hormones include: |
glycoproteins.proteins. peptides. |
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When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called
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permissiveness.
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Not all nonsteriod hormones operate according to the second messenger model. The exception is the pair of thyroid hormones called
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thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
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If synthesis of new receptors occurs faster than degradation of old receptors, the target cell will have more receptors and thus be more sensitive to the hormone. This phenomenon is called
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up-regulation.
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Eicosanoids are a unique group of lipid molecules that include:
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prostaglandins. thromboxanes. Leukotrienes
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As a group, prostaglandins are involved in overall endocrine regulation by influencing
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adenyl cyclase interaction within the cell's plasma membrane.
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Which tissue hormones act as a regulator, synthesize blood platelets, and are important in blood clotting?
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thromboxanes
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Which tissue hormones act as a regulator of immunity?
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leukotrienes
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The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are:
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hormones
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The following statement is true of the endocrine system:
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its effects are slow to appear, yet long lasting
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The following are endocrine glands:
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pineal, placenta, parathyroid
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The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following functions:
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communication, control, integration
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The many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as:
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steroid or nonsteroid hormones
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Nonsteroid hormones include:
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protein, peptides, glycoproteins
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Anabolic hormones:
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stimulate anabolism in their target cells.
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The second meesenger often involved in nonsteroid hormones action is:
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cAMP
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The control of hormones secretion is:
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usually part of a negative feedback loop. And rarely part of a positive feedback loop.
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When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called:
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permissiveness.
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The nervous system functions at a much greater speed than the endocrine system.
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True
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The most widely used method of hormone classification is by chemical structure.
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True
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Input from the nervous system influences secretion of hormones.
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True
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Binds to specific plasma membrane receptors:
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nonsteroid hormone
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Response time is usually 1 hour to several days:
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steroid hormone
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Receptor is mobile in the cytoplasm or nucleus
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steroid hormone
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Lipid
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steroid hormone
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Regulates gene activity
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steroid hormone
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Stored in secretory vesicles before release
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nonsteroid hormone
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One or more amino acids
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nonsteroid hormone
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Response time is usually several seconds to a few minutes
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nonsteroid hormone
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Eicosanoids are reffered to as:
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tissue hormone
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___________ hormones are hormones that regulate activity in nearby cells within the same tissue as their source.:
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Paracrine
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____________ hormones regulate activity in the secreting cell itself.
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Autocrine
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The ____________ of the male reproductive system secretes prostaglandin in the semen.
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Seminal vesicles
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Leukotrienes are regulators of __________.
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Immunity
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PGF’s are required for normal __________ occur in the digestive tract.
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Peristalisis
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Responses that result from the operation of feedback loops within the endocrine system are called_______________.
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Endocrine reflexes
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Unused hormones circulating in the blood are excreted by the ____________.
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Kidney
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In _________, one hormone produces the opposite effect of another hormone.
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Antagonism
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In second messenger system, the hormone-receptor complex may be taken into the cell by means of _____________.
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Endocytosis.
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The ________of steroid hormone present determines the magnitude of a target wells response.
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Amount.
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Endocrine target cells must have the appropriate receptors to be influenced by the signaling chemical- a process called:
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signal transduction
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If too little hormone is produced, the condition is called:
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hyposecretion
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Many non-steroid hormones seem to use this cAMP as the:
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second messenger
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Some hormones produce their Effects by triggering the opening of ________channels.:
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calcium
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The _______regulates the thyroid by producing thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH).
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pituitary
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Blood regulator important in blood clotting.
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thromoboxane
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Immunity regulator.
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leukotrienes
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Local hormone.
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tissue hormone
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Lipid.
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molecules eicosanoids
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Inhibits PGE synthesis.
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ibuprofen
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If norepinephrine diffuses into the blood and then binds to adrenergic receptor in a distant target cell, it is known as a:
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hormone
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All steroid hormones are derived from which common molecule?
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cholesterol
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which of the following is not a peptide?
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testosterone
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Combinations of hormones will have a greater effect on a target cell that the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. This phenomenon is called:
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synergism
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The target cell concept is an example of the___________ model of chemical reaction.
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lock and key
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