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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A request
from software to the OS to access hardware or other software using a previously defined procedure that both the software and the OS understand. |
application program interface (API) call
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Installing an OS on a new hard drive or
on a hard drive that has a previous OS installed, but without carrying forward any settings kept by the old OS, including information about hardware, software, or user preferences. |
Clean install
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A line or part of a line in a program that is
intended as a remark or comment and is ignored when the program runs. A semicolon or an REM is often used to mark a line as a comment |
comment line
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A component of Windows
Plug and Play that controls the configuration process of all devices and communicates these configurations to the devices. |
configuration manager
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A condition that results when the hard
drive is excessively used for virtual memory because RAM is full. It dramatically slows down processing and can cause premature hard drive failure. |
disk thrashing
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A type of Autoexec.bat file that is executed
by Windows 9x/Me in two situations: when you select Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode from the shutdown menu or you run a program in MS-DOS mode. |
dosstart.bat
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A Windows utility that can record detailed
information about the system, errors that occur, and the programs that caused them in a log file. |
dr. watson
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A Windows 9x/Me utility that compresses
files so that they take up less space on a disk drive, creating a single large file on the disk to hold all the compressed files |
drivespace
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A Windows error
that occurs when a program attempts to access a memory address that is not available or is no longer assigned to it. |
General Protection Fault (GPF)
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A core Windows
component responsible for building graphics data to display or print. |
GDI (Graphics Device Interface)
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The Windows 9x/Me
component that configures all devices and communicates these configurations to the device drivers. |
IFS (Installable File System)
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Configuration information files
for Windows. System.ini is one of the most important Windows 9x/Me initialization files. |
initialization files
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A VxD that is loaded into memory at
startup and remains there for the entire OS session. |
static vxd
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In Windows, swapping blocks of
RAM memory to an area of the hard drive to serve as virtual memory when RAM is low. |
memory paging
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4K segments in which Windows NT/2000/XP
allocates memory. |
pages
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The Windows 9x/Me System Configuration
Editor, a text editor generally used to edit system files. |
sysedit
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A file used by
Windows to describe the environment for a DOS program to use. |
PIF (program information file)
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A Windows initialization file that contains
network configuration information. |
Protocol.ini
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An update to software that corrects an error,
adds a feature, or addresses security issues. |
patch Also
called an update or service pack. |
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Wasted space on a hard drive caused by not
using all available space at the end of clusters. |
slack
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A VxD that is loaded and unloaded
from memory as needed. |
dynamic vxd
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A text configuration file used by
Windows 3.x and supported by Windows 9x/Me for backward-compatibility. |
system.ini
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An area to the right of the taskbar
that holds the icons for running services; these services include the volume control and network connectivity. |
system tray
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The installation of an OS on a hard
drive that already has an OS installed in such a way that settings kept by the old OS are carried forward into the upgrade, including information about hardware, software, and user preferences. |
upgrade install
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A Windows 9x/Me component
that controls the mouse, keyboard, ports, and desktop. |
user component
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In Windows, the name and value of a setting
in the registry. |
value data
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A Windows
device driver that may or may not have direct access to a device. It might depend on a Windows component to communicate with the device itself. |
virtual device driver (VxD or VDD)
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One or more logical machines created
within one physical machine by Windows, allowing applications to make serious errors within one logical machine without disturbing other programs and parts of the system. |
virtual machine
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A Windows 9x/Me
program that controls virtual machines and the resources they use including memory. The VMM manages the page table used to access memory. |
VMM (Virtual Machine Manager)
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The only Windows 9x/Me
Plug and Play component that is found in Windows 98 but not Windows 95. WDM is the component responsible for managing device drivers that work under a driver model new to Windows 98. |
WDM (Win32 Driver Model)
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The Windows initialization file that contains
program configuration information needed for running the Windows operating environment. Its functions were replaced by the registry beginning with Windows 9x/Me, which still supports it for backward compatibility with Windows 3.x. |
Win.ini
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The name of the Windows 9x/Me swap
file. Its default location is C:\Windows. |
Win386.swp
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An IP address that is used on a
private TCP/IP network that is isolated from the Internet. |
private IP address
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A server that acts as an intermediary
between another computer and the Internet. |
proxy server
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An IP address available to the
Internet. |
public IP address
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A computer concept whereby one computer
(the client) requests information from another computer (the server). |
client/server
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An IP address permanently
assigned to a workstation. |
static IP address
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A subnet mask is a group of four numbers
(dotted decimal numbers) that tell TCP/IP if a remote computer is on the same or a different network. |
subnet mask
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The suite of protocols that supports
communication on the Internet. TCP is responsible for error checking, and IP is responsible for routing. |
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) |
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A network or group of
networks that span a large geographical area. |
WAN (wide area network)
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A data encryption
method used on wireless networks that uses either 64-bit or 128-bit encryption keys that are static keys, meaning the key does not change while the wireless network is in use. |
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
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IEEE specifications for wireless
communication and data synchronization |
Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11a
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A
Microsoft resolution service with a distributed database that tracks relationships between NetBIOS names and IP addresses. Compare to DNS. |
WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service)
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A type of LAN that does
not use wires or cables to create connections, but instead transmits data over radio or infrared waves. |
wireless LAN (WLAN)
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A data encryption
method for wireless networks that use the TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption method and the encryption keys are changed at set intervals while the wireless LAN is in use. |
WPA (WiFi Protected Access)
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A data encryption
standard compliant with the IEEE802.11i standard that uses the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) protocol. |
WPA2 (WiFi Protected Access 2)
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A protocol that
TCP/IP uses to translate IP addresses into physical network addresses (MAC addresses). |
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
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A protocol such as UDP
that does not require a connection before sending a packet and does not guarantee delivery. An example of a UDP transmission is streaming video over the Web |
best-effort protocol or connectionless protocol
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A transmission technique that carries
more than one type of transmission on the same medium, such as cable modem or DSL. |
broadband
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A technology that uses cable TV lines
for data transmission requiring a modem at each end. From the modem, a network cable connects to an NIC in the user’s PC, or a USB cable connects to a USB port. |
cable modem
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A technique used by browsers
(clients) to speed up download times by caching Web pages previously requested in case they are requested again. |
client-side caching
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A protocol such as UDP
that does not require a connection before sending a packet and does not guarantee delivery |
connectionless protocol
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In networking, a protocol
that confirms that a good connection has been made before transmitting data to the other end |
connection-oriented protocol
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A Windows 9x/Me and
Windows NT/2000/XP utility that uses a modem and telephone line to connect to a network. |
dial-up networking
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A code used to authenticate the
source of a file or document or to identify and authenticate a person or organization sending data over the Internet. The code is assigned by a certificate authority such as VeriSign and includes a public key for encryption. |
digital certificate
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A code used to authenticate the
source of a file or document or to identify and authenticate a person or organization sending data over the Internet. The code is assigned by a certificate authority such as VeriSign and includes a public key for encryption |
digital ID or digital certificate
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A code used to authenticate the
source of a file or document or to identify and authenticate a person or organization sending data over the Internet. |
digital signature or digital certificate
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A telephone line that
carries digital data from end to end, and can be leased from the telephone company for individual use. Some DSL lines are rated at 5 Mbps, about 50 times faster than regular telephone lines |
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
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The protocol used to
transfer files over a TCP/IP network such that the file does not need to be converted to ASCII format before transferring it. |
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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Number of routers a network
packet can pass through on its way to its destination before it is dropped |
hop count or time to live (TTL)
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A markup language
used for hypertext documents on the World Wide Web. This language uses tags to format the document, create hyperlinks, and mark locations for graphics. |
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
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The communications
protocol used by the World Wide Web |
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
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A version of the HTTP protocol
that includes data encryption for security. |
HTTPS (HTTP secure)
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Part of
the IP layer that is used to transmit error messages and other control messages to hosts and routers. |
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
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Version 4 of the IMAP protocol, which is an e-mail
protocol that has more functionality than its predecessor, POP. IMAP can archive messages in folders on the e-mail server and can allow the user to choose not to download attachments to messages. |
IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol version 4)
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A Windows 98
and Windows XP utility that uses NAT and acts as a proxy server to manage two or more computers connected to the Internet. |
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
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The rules of communication in
the TCP/IP stack that control segmenting data into packets, routing those packets across networks, and then reassembling the packets once they reach their destination. |
IP (Internet Protocol)
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A digital
telephone line that can carry data at about five times the speed of regular telephone lines. Two channels (telephone numbers) share a single pair of wires. |
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
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The protocol
used by newsgroup server and client software. |
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
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The protocol that an
e-mail server and client use when the client requests the downloading of e-mail messages. |
POP (Post Office Protocol)
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As applied to services running on a computer,
a number assigned to a process on a computer so that the process can be found by TCP/IP. |
port or port number
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Numbers that are used by devices and
the CPU to manage communication between them. |
port address or I/O addresses
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A technique that allows a computer
on the Internet to reach a computer on a private network using a certain port when the private network is protected by a router using NAT as a proxy server. Port forwarding is also called tunneling. |
port forwarding
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A measure of the success of
communication over the Internet. Communication is degraded on the Internet when packets are dropped, delayed, delivered out of order, or corrupted. |
Quality of Service (QoS)
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A protocol that governs
the methods for communicating via modems and dial-up telephone lines |
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
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The
protocol that describes how a PC is to interact with a broadband converter box, such as cable modem, when the two are connected by an Ethernet cable, connected to a NIC in a PC. |
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)
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A protocol
used to translate the unique hardware NIC addresses (MAC addresses) into IP addresses (the reverse of ARP). |
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
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A technique used by servers on
the Internet to speed up download times by caching Web pages previously requested in case they are requested again. |
server-side caching
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An established communication link between
two software programs. On the Internet, a session is created by TCP. |
session
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A line protocol
used by regular telephone lines that has largely been replaced by PPP. |
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
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The protocol
used by e-mail clients and servers to send e-mail messages over the Internet. |
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
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A protocol that
is used to authenticate or prove that a client who attempts to use an email server to send email is authorized to use the server. |
SMTP AUTH (SMTP Authentication)
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A
protocol used to monitor and manage network traffic on a workstation. |
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
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A secure protocol developed
by Netscape that uses a digital certificate including a public key to encrypt and decrypt data. |
SSL (secure socket layer)
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Part of the
TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP guarantees delivery of data for application protocols and establishes a session before it begins transmitting data. |
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
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Number of routers a network
packet can pass through on its way to its destination before it is dropped. Also called hop count. |
time to live (TTL)
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A protocol used to
secure data sent over the Internet. It is an improved version of SSL. |
TLS (Transport Layer Security)
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A connectionless
protocol that does not require a connection to send a packet and does not guarantee that the GLOSSARY 727 packet arrives at its destination. UDP is faster than TCP because TCP takes the time to make a connection and guarantee delivery. |
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
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An address for a
resource on the Internet. A URL can contain the protocol used by the resource, the name of the computer and its network, and the path and name of a file on the computer. |
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
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