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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is not a cranial bone
A. Sphenoid B. Ethmoid C. Parietal D. Maxilla |
D. Maxilla |
|
The suture between the parietal and temporal bones is the _________ suture |
squamous |
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The mastoid process belongs to which bone? |
temporal |
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The carotid canal passes through which bone? |
temporal |
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This bone helps to form the nasal septum |
ethmoid |
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which of the following bones is not a facial bone? A. Mandible B. Lacrimal C. Hyoid D. Zygomatic |
C. Hyoid |
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This facial bone helps to form the nasal septum |
vomer |
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This facial bone helps form the hard palate |
maxilla |
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Into which hole to dentists inject lidocaine to prevent paid while working on the lower teeth |
mandibular foramina |
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which nasal concha is a facial bone? A. Superior B. Middle C. Inferior D. They are all facial bones |
Inferior |
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This vertebra has no body |
Atlas |
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Which type of rib does not connect to the sternum |
floating ribs |
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The superior portion of the sternum is the _______ |
manubrium |
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If you see a foramen in the transverse process of a vertebra, which type of vertebra are you observing? |
cervical |
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Demifacets are a characteristic of which type of vertebrae |
thoracic |
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The pectoral girdle is composed of the: |
clavicle and scapula |
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the radial groove is located on which bone? |
humerus |
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the glenoid cavity is part of which bone? |
scapula |
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Children are often told to keep this process off the table while eating |
olecranon |
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On which bone is the head found at the distal end |
ulna |
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which bone is not part of the pelvic girdle? A. ilium B. Ischium C. Pubis D. Sacrum |
sacrum |
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The lesser trochanter is found on which bone? |
femur |
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the heel bone is called the ______ |
calcaneus |
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the lateral malleolus is part of which bone? |
fibula |
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which tarsal bone is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch? |
talus |
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which of the following bones does not directly articulate with any other bones of the skeleton? A. Rib 12 B. Patella C. Hyoid D. Scapula
|
Hyoid |
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the two main types of joint classification are _______ and ______ |
structure and function |
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The hip joint is an example of an ______ |
diarthrosis |
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A fibrous joint connected by ligaments is classified as a ________ |
syndesmosis |
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Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint? A. Suture B. Synarthrosis C. Gomphosis D. Symphysis |
Symphysis |
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Which of the following is an examply of a synarthrosis A. Diarthrosis B. Suture C. Symphysis D. Syndesmosis |
Suture |
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Synovial joints are examples of _______
|
diarthroses |
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A unique feature of synovial joints is ______ |
a joint cavity |
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All of the following are synovial joints except: A. temporomandibular B. interphalangeal C. intervertebral D. Elbow |
intevertebral |
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All of the following are part of a synovial joint except ______ A. bursae B. ligaments C. articular cartilage D. synovial fluid |
bursae |
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The viscous, egg-white consistency of synovial fluid is due to ______ |
hyaluronic acid |
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What movement has occurred when you bend your fingers to make a fist |
flexion |
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The opposite movement of supination is ____ |
pronation |
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This movement is a combination of several movements |
circumduction |
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When the sole of your foot is turned medially, _______ has occured |
inversion |
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bitting into food involves which two types of movement |
depression and elevation |
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all of the following except _____ are types of synovial joints A. condyloid B. plane C. saddle D. suture |
suture |
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these are the most freely moveable type of synovial joint |
ball and socket |
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THe carpals form this type of joint with each other |
plane |
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Hinge joints are classified as ______ |
uniaxial |
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The proximal ends of the radius and ulna form which type of joint |
pivot |
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The collateral ligaments are found in which of the following joints? A. Elbow B. Knee C. Elbow and Knee D. Elbow, Knee, and Shoulder |
Elbow and knee |
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which joint in your body is the most easily dislocated? |
temporomandibular |
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The trochlear notch helps stabilize which joint? |
elbow |
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the tendon of the long head of the biceps strengthens which joint |
shoulder |
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which body joint is the most susceptible to sports injuries |
knee |
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which synovial joint in your body is only partially enclosed in a joint capsule |
knee |
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what is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle termed |
sarcomere |
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a sheetlike extension of the epimysium is caled an ______ |
aponeurosis |
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thick filaments are found in the _______ of the sarcomere |
A band |
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In a resting muscle cell, the myosin-binding sites are blocked by _______ |
tropomyosin |
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T tubules are an extension of the _______ |
sarcolemma |
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When a muscle cell is at rest, most of the intracellular calcium is found stored in the _______ |
sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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calcium ions in the sarcoplasm will bind to ______ |
troponin |
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What substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments |
ATP |
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calcium is released from the terminal cisterns in response to_____ |
an action potential |
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How does calcium reenter the terminal cisterns after muscle contraction is finished |
active transport |
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A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is defined as ______ |
a twitch |
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The force exerted by a contracting muscle is ______ |
muscle tension |
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The time that elapses between the stimulation of a muscle and the contraction of that muscle is defined as the _______ |
latent period |
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Which is not a factor that affects the force of muscle contraction A. relative size of muscle fibers B. number of muscle fibers stimulated C. degree of muscle stretch D. method of muscle stimulation |
D. method of muscle stimulation |
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skeletal muscle contractions increase in strength due to _______ |
recruitment of motor units |
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the energy source that is used directly for muscle contraction is _______ |
ATP |
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Muscle soreness maybe due in part to which pathway of ATP production |
anaerobic glycolysis |
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After about 30 minutes of exercise, which substance becomes the major source of fuel? |
fatty acid |
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which activity would be most dependent upon creatine? A. Tennis B. Soccer C. Jogging D. Diving |
D. diving |
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__________ is the length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways |
aerobic endurance |
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contraction of which sheet of smooth muscle results in dilation |
longitudinal layer |
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smooth muscle cells can contract as a unit due to the presence of ______ |
gap junctions |
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calcium binds to this substance in smooth muscle contraction |
calmodulin |
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smooth muscle contains _______ that correspond to the Z discs of skeletal muscle |
dense bodies |
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What unique characteristic of smooth muscle allows your stomach to stretch as you eat and not contract immediately to expel food |
stress-relaxation response |
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which of the following is a characteristic of slow oxidative muscle fibers A. large diameter B. few mitochondria C. high myoglobin content D. poor blood supply |
high myoglobin content |
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when naming muscles based on the location of attachment, what is named first? |
origin |
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which of the following is not a functional classification of muscle A. agonist B. antagonist C. protagonist D. synergist |
protagonist |
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synergistic muscles that immobilize a joint are also classified as ______ |
fixators |
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sphincter muscles have which fascicular pattern |
circular |
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which fascicular arrangement tends to be found in the most powerful muscles |
pennate |
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what provides the effort in the lever system in a human body |
muscles |
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_______ serve as a fulcrum on your body |
joints |
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levers that operate at a mechanical advantage are called _______ levers |
power |
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levers that operate with great speed and are always at a mechanical disadvantage, are the _______ |
third class levers |
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most of the skeletal muscles in our bodies are part of _________ lever systems |
third-class |
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bones connected by the coronal suture |
frontal and parietal |
|
keystone bone of cranium |
sphenoid |
|
keystone bone of the face |
maxillary |
|
bones that form the hard palate |
maxillary and palatine |
|
bone that allows the spinal to pass |
occipital |
|
bone that forms the chin |
mandible |
|
bones that contain paranasal sinuses |
ethmoid frontal maxillary sphenoid |
|
bones that contains mastoid sinuses |
temporal |
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bone of the axial skeleton to which the pectoral girdle attaches |
sternum |
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bone that contains markings that include the glenoid cavity and acromion |
scapula |
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bone whose features include the ala, crest, and greater sciatic notch |
ilium |
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bone that is double curved and acts as a shoulder strut |
clavicle |
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hip bone that articulates with the axial skeleton |
ilium |
|
the "sit-down" bone |
ischium |
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anteriormost bone of the pelvic girdle |
pubis |
|
articulates with the acetabulum and the tibia |
femur |
|
forms the lateral aspect of the ankle |
fibula |
|
bone that "carries" the hand |
radius |
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name of the wrist bones |
carpals |
|
bone which an end shaped like a monkey wrench |
ulna |
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bone that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus |
radius |
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what type of joints exhibit a joint cavity |
synovial |
|
what type of joints are sutures and syndesmoses |
fibrous joints |
|
what type of joints have bones that are connected by collagen fibers |
fibrous joints |
|
what type of goints include synchondroses and symphyses |
cartilageinous |
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what king of joints are all diarthrotic |
synovial |
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what type of joints are mostly amphiarthrotic |
cartilaginous |
|
what types of joints have bones that are connected by a disc of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
cartilaginous |
|
which type of joints are nearly all synarthrotic |
fibrous joints |
|
which types of joints are the shoulder, hip, jaw, and elbow |
synovial |
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freely moveable joints are ______ |
diarthroses |
|
anatomical characteristics shared by all synovial joints include all EXCEPT A. articular cartilage B. a joint cavity C. an articular capsule D. presence of fibrocartilage |
D. presence of fibrocartilage |
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Factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint include: A. shape of articular surgaces B. presence of strong reinforcing ligaments C. tone of surrounding muscles D. All of these |
D. All of these |
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The description "Articular surfaces deep and secure; capsule heavily reinforced by ligaments and muscle tendons; extremely stable joint" best describles: A. the elbow joint B. hip joint C. knee joint D. shoulder joint |
B. Hip joint |
|
immobility of a joint due to fusion of its articular surfaces = _____ |
ankylosis |
|
An autoimmune disorder in which joints are affected bilaterally and which involves pannus formation and gradual joint immobilization is ____ |
rheumatoid arthritis |
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the connective tissue covering that encloses the sarcolemma of an individual muscle fiber is called the ____ |
endomysium |
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A _________ is a bundle of muscle fibers enclosed by a connective tissue sheath |
fascicle |
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______ filaments contain actin |
thin |
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________ filament contains ATPases |
thick |
|
______ filaments attach to the Z disc |
thin |
|
______ filaments contain myosin |
thick |
|
_____ filaments contain troponin |
thin |
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______ filaments do not like in the I band |
thick |
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The function of the ________ in muscle contraction is to transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cells |
T-tubules |
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The sites where the motor nerve impulse is transmitted from the nerve endings to the skeletal muscle cell membranes are the ________ |
neuromuscular junctions |
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Contraction elicited by a single brief stimulus is called a _______ |
twitch |
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A smooth, sustained contraction resulting from very rapid stimulation of the muscle, in which no evidence of relaxation is seen is called a ______ |
fused tetanus |
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characteristics of isometric contractions include all but: A. shortening B. increased muscle tension throughout the contraction phase C. absence of shortening D. used in resistance training |
A. shortening |
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what provides ATP the fastest during muscle contraction |
a coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP |
|
which muscle contraction does not require oxygen |
creatine phosphate with ADP and anaerobic glycolysis |
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which phase of muscle contraction provides the highest yield of ATP per glucose molecule |
aerobic respiration of glucose |
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which phase of muscle contraction results in the formation of lactic acid |
anaerobic glycolysis |
|
which phase of muscle contraction has carbon dioxide and water as products |
aerobic respiration of glucose |
|
which phase of mucscle contaction is most important in endurance sports |
aerobic respiration of glucose |
|
the neurotransmiitter released by somatic motor neuron is ________ |
acetylcholine |
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the ions that enter the skeletal muscle cell during the generation of an action potential are ______ |
sodium ions |
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________ holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle |
myoglobin |
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aerobic exercise results in all of the following except: A. increased cardiovascular system efficiency B. more mitochondria in the muscle cells C. increased size and strength of existing muscle cells D. increased neuromuscular system coordination
|
C. increased size and strength |
|
The smooth muscle type found in the walls of digestive and urinary system organs and that exhibits gap junctions and pacemaker cells is A. multi unit b. unitary |
unitary
|
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A muscle that assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts is a ______ |
synergist |
|
The arrangement of muscle fibers in which the fibers are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon is _______ |
pennate |