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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are blood components known as
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formed elements
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The pH of the blood is usually about
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7.35 to 7.45
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The blood albumins are made by the
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liver
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The fluid portion of the blood is the
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plasma
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When the blood-clotting proteins are removed from the plasma, the plasma is then known as
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serum
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Among the major ions transported by the blood are calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and
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sodium
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Those plasma proteins that contribute to the viscosity of the blood and are partly responsible for maintaining the constant pH of the blood are known as
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albumin proteins
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The antibodies belong to a major group of plasma proteins called
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globulin proteins
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Approximately 7 percent of the plasma protein consists of a liver blood clotting protein known as
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fibrinogen
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The plasma proteins encourage the movement of water from the tissue fluids into the bloodstream, and this movement of water is known as
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osmosis
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The major pigment that transport oxygen within red blood cells is
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hemoglobin
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Red blood cells are also known as
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erythrocytes
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The number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter in an adult male is approximately
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5.8 million
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The number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter in an adult female is approximately
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4.8 million
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The shape of a red blood cell is that of a
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bioconcave disk
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When a red blood cell shrinks in solutions that contain excessive solutes, the process is called
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crenation
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When red blood cells swell and burst in solutions that contain low concentrations of solutes, the process is
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hemolysis
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Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow through a process known as
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erythropoiesis
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When mature, the red blood cells enter the body capillaries from the bone marrow by squeezing through the walls of the capillaries in a process that is called
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diapedesis
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The two polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecule are known as
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alpha and beta chains
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The iron-containing group of teh hemoglobin molecule that binds to oxygen molecules is known as the
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heme group
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When oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin molecule, the hemoglobin molecule is known as
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oxy hemoglobin
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When carbon dioxide is bound to the hemoglobin molecule, the hemoglobin molecule is known as
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carb oxy hemoglobin
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The main portion of carbon dioxide is transported through the plasma dissolved as
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bicarbonate ions
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Red blood cells circulate in the human blood stream for approximately
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120 days
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After breakdown, the hemoglobin pigment of red blood cells is eventually converted to a bile pigment known as
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bilirubin
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The production of red blood cells is regulated by a hormone known as
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erythropoietin
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A lack of vitamin B12 may result in a condition known as
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pernicious anemia
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Such things as X-rays and drugs may prevent the production o red blood cells, a condition called
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aplastic anemia
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A genetic deect that encodes hemoglobin may lead to crystallization of the hemoglobin and a deformity of the red blood cells to a C-shape. This is the disease known as
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sickle cell anemia
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When the body fails to synthesize one or more of the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin, the condition that results is called
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talassemia
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An alternative name for white blood cell is
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leukocytes
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A normal adult has a white blood cell count per cubic millimeter that numbers about
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7000
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The white blood cells develop within the
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red bone marrow
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Neutrophils and basophils are types of white blood cells known as
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granulocytes
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Lymphocytes and monocytes have no granules in their cytoplasm and are therefore known as
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agranulocytes
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The principal function of the neutrophil is
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phagocytosis
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The granules of the eosinophil stain with acidic dyes and appear
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red
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The percentage of the total white blood count that is basophils is approximately
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1 percent
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The lymphocytes are important cells of the body system known as the
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immune system
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When the monocytes enter the tissue environment, they change into large phagocytic cells called
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macrophages
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Antibodies are produced by white blood cells known as
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lymphocytes
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A general reduction of white blood cells in the body is referred to as
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leukopenia
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Blood platelets are produced in the bone marrow by large cells called
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megakaryocytes
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A mass of platelets are produced in the bone marrow by large cells called
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platelet plug
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In the intrinsic pathway, an important factor that initiates the chemical pathway is called Factor
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XII
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In the intrinsic pathway, substances damaged rom blood vessels release and activating substance called
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thromboplastin
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The substance thrombin is responsible for activating the conversion of fibrinogen to
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fibrin
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The accumulation of cholesterol substances within the inner wall o a blood vessel encourages a condition called
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atherosclerosis
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A condition in which a blood clot moves from one part of the body to another is known as an
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embolism
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Plaques of cholesterol stimulate the production of blood clots called
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thrombus
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