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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
surrounds cartilage; is innervated and vascular; where all wastes and nutrients move by diffusion |
perichondrium (DICT) |
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immature and secretory cartilage cells |
chondroblasts |
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mature cartilage cells |
chondrocytes |
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most abundant cartilage; glossy ecm; fine fibers |
hyaline cartilage |
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where is hyaline cartilage found |
costal regions (rib cage), respiratory cartilage (trachea/larynx), nasal, articular (joints) |
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where is elastic cartilage found |
ear, epiglottis |
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highly compressible with great tensile strength in one direction |
fibrocartilage |
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where is fibrocartilage found |
menisci, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis |
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how many bones are there |
206 |
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stem cells in bone |
osteogenic |
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secretory and immature cells of bones |
osteoblasts |
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mature and maintain bone itself and are responsible for bone remodeling and stress |
osteocyte |
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bone resorbing cell (add and take away bone) |
osteoclasts |
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communication of bony material |
canalicule |
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surrounds ind muscle fibers |
endomysium |
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surrounds group of muscle fibers |
perimysium |
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indirect attachment by _________ |
tendon or aponeuroses |
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allow bones to move relative to each other; weakest part of skeleton |
joints |
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what are the three types of synarthroses joints? |
1. syntoses 2. syndesmoses 3. gomphoses |
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fibrous tissue with no cavities; reduced mobility |
synarthroses joints |
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fibrous; short fibers; joint between two bones with no space or cartilage; not much mvmt |
syntoses |
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example of syntoses joints |
sutures |
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true ligamentous joints; bands of tissue are longer than suture; allows for some mvmt |
syndesmoses |
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example of syndesmoses joints |
radius/ulna (interosseous membrane) |
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peg-in-socket joint; short ligaments |
gomphoses joints |
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example of gomphoses joints |
in teeth (between tooth and alveolus) |
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cartilage; no cavity; not very mobile |
cartilaginous joints |
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what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints? |
1. synchondroses 2. symphysis |
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primary cartilaginous joints; hyaline cartilage; allows for interstitial growth |
synchondroses |
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example of synchondroses joints |
epiphyseal plates and costal cartilage of 1st rib and manubrium |
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articular hyaline cartilage on bone itself and also some fibrocartilage |
symphysis |
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example of symphysis joint |
pubic symphysis |
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what are the concentric rings of fibrocartilage called |
"annulus fibrosus" |
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type of synovial joint that is very mobile |
diarthroses |
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covers bone and absorbs compression |
articular cartilage |
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potential space that has synovial fluid |
synovial cavity
|
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derived from blood filtrate and secretion from cells |
synovial fluid |
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what is the articular joint capsule made out of? |
outer fibrous layer (DICT) and synovial membrane (loose conn. tissue) |
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extra cushioning for diarthroses joints |
fatty pads |
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wedges of fibrocartilage; make joint more stable |
articular discs |
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synovial filled cushion around knees |
bursae |
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long, skinny bursar (ex: arms and wrists); protect tendons from being ripped apart |
tendon sheaths |
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ligaments are stretched or torn; ligaments are poorly vascularized |
sprain |
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another word for dislocation |
luxation |
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synovial membrane thickens and is not making as much fluid; damaged joints; bacterial invasion |
arthritis |
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cure for arthritis? |
antibiotics |
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annulus fibrosis gets torn; nucleus pulpous will extrude; usually on post. side and presses against spinal nerves (pain) |
ruptured IV disk |
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two types of ossification? |
intramembranous and endochondral |
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how flat bones are ossified; in richly vascularized mesenchymal tissue (embryonic tissue) |
intramembranous ossification |
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ossification center that has yet to fuse |
fontanel |
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hyaline cartilage templates; long bones |
endochondral ossification |
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what are the 3 phases of endochondral ossification? |
1. formation of template 2. primary oss. center 3. secondary oss. center |
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consist of osteoprogenitor cells and hematopoietic tissue and blood vessels |
periosteal bud |
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resting zone; randomly arranged lacunae |
zone of reserve cartilage |
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where proliferation occurs; chondrocytes are reproducing in columns; interstitial growth; apt. complexes |
zone of proliferation |
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cells mature and get large; large lacunae; cells accumulate glycogen |
zone of maturation and hypertrophy |
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calcification occurs; lacunae become confluent (connected); cartilaginous matrix becomes calcified; death of chondrocytes |
zone of calcification |
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osteoprogenitor cells diff. into osteoblasts; formation of compact and primary bone |
zone of ossification |
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when does epiphyseal plate closure occur? |
puberty |
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too much growth hormone (gigantisism) |
hypersecretion |
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deficit of growth/thyroid hormone (dwarfism) |
hyposecretion |
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what are the events of fracture repair? |
1. hematoma 2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3. bony callus forms 4. bone remodeling occurs |