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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is the backflow of urine possible
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because there are no valves in the ureters
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What does convoluted mean
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coiled
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How many ureters
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2
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Name the last portion of the renal tubule that delivers urine to the minor calyces
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collecting duct
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How long is the ureter
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10-12 inches long
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What is the name of the ball of capillaries embedded in Bowman's capsule
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Glomerulus
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List the functions of the Urinary System
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1) Help keep body in homeostasis
2) Control composition of blood 3) Remove and restore selected amounts of various wastes 4) Regulate acid-base balance |
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How does low blood pressure affect urine output
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Decreases urine output
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How does elevated temperature influence urine output
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decreases urine output
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How does elevated blood pressure influence urine output
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increases urine output
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How many kidneys
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2
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How do diuretics influence urine output
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increases urine output
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How does blood volume influence urine output
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Decreases urine output
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Which systems aid in waste elimination
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Integumentary,
Respiratory, Digestive |
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Which sphincter is under conscious or voluntary control
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External urethral sphincter
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What is the name of the functional units of the kidneys
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nephrons
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If you found a urine sample to smell sweet, what would it tell you about the patient
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He is probably diabetic
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The kidneys are located between the levels of what vertebrae
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T12 to L3
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When the body cells use protein, what is the waste product found in the urine called
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Urea
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After reabsorption has occured in the tubules, and blood is placed back into the bloodstream, what is the remaining water and waste called
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Urine
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What 2 mechanisms asist urine to the bladder through the ureters
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Peristalsis Gravity
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How much urine in the bladder stimulates the micturation reflex
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150 - 200 ml
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The expanded upper end of the ureter is called the _______ _________
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Renal Pelvis
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What structures transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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Ureters
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What organs of the urinary tract filters the urine
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kidneys
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How many urethra
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1
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name the tube by which urine leaves the bladder
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urethra
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In relationship to the vagina, where is the bladder located
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Anterior
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Which part of the kidneys reabsorbs most of the H2O through its walls
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the tubules
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Name the substance produced by the kidneys which neutralizes acids
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Amonia
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After most of the H2O and nutrients are reabsorbed in the walls of the tubules where does the blood go
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back into the blood stream
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Kidney failure causes a syndrome called
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Uremia
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Released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to low blood volume and increased concentration of solute in the plasma
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ADH
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Reabsorption of 178.5 L of filtrate
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Tubular reabsorption
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Filtrates 180 L of filtrate in 24 hours
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Glomerulus
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3 regions of the kidney
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cortex,
medulla, pelvis |
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Urinary system includes what organs
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Kidneys,
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra |
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What are 4 organs of excretion
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kidney
skin lungs intestines |
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what are the 3 processes of urine formation
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Glomerular filtration
Tubular Reabsorption Tubular secretion |
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Often develops in response to declining renal blood flow
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Oliguria
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A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone may cause
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Increase in plasma K+
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Why is glucose normally not excreted in urine
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all filtered glucose is reabsorbed
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a drug that blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ causes
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diuresis
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Urination is also called
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Micturition
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A potent vasopressor that is generated by the action of converting enzyme
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angiotensin II
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This hormone stimulates the tubules to reabsorb calcium and excrete phosphate
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parathyroid hormone
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This enzyme is secreted by the lungs and changes angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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converting enzyme
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This hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low plasma levels of oxygen; it stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow
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erythropoiten
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This posterior pituitary hormone determines the membrane permeablity of the collecting duct to water
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antidiuretic hormone
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A deficiency of this hormone causes diabetes insipidus
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antidiuretic hormone ADH
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This hormone is secreted by the walls of the heart; it caises the renal excretion of Na+ and water
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BNP Brain narriuretic peptide
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This hormone is called the salt retaining hormone
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Aldosterone
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This mineralocorticoid is secreted by the adrenal cortex
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aldosterone
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This hormone stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ and excrete K+
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aldosterone
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This enzyme is secreted by the JGA juxtaglomerular apparatus cells & activates angiotensinogen
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Renin
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This large blood vessel delivers oxygen rich blood to the kidneys
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renal artery
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Blood flows from the glomerulus into these blood vessels
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efferent arterioles
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The urine making structure of the kidney
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Nephron Unit
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A cuplike structure that receives urine from the colecting duct
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calyx
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Hairpin tubulat structure between the proximal and distal tubules
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loop of henle
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These tiny blood vessels deliver blood to the golmeruli
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afferent arterioles
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most reabsorption occurs across this peritubular capillary structure
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proximaml convoluted tubule
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Filtration occurs across the membrane of this vascular structure
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Glomerulus
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these capillaries surround the tubules and reabsorb huge amounts of water & solute
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peritubular capillaries
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urine flows from the proximal tubule into this structure
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loop of henle
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The tuft of capillaries that sits within the Bowmans capsule
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Glomerulus
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This structure receives urine from the distal convoluted tubule
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collecting duct
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the tubular site that is most responsive to ADH
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collecting duct
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the prostate gland surrounds the upper region of this structure
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urethra
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the walls of this structure folds into rugae so as to allow for expansion
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urinary bladder
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the basin that collects the urine from the calyces
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renal pelvis
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the lighter outer region of the kidney
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renal cortex
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the reservoir that stores urine
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urinary bladder
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the structure involved in urinary retention
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urinary bladder
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renal supression is most associated with
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kidneys
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Inflammation of the urinary bladder
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cystitis
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Enlarged prostate gland prevents the emptying of this structure
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urinary bladder
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tubes that receive urine from the renal pelvis
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ureters
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the structure that contains the detrusor muscle and the trigone
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urinary bladder
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the external urinary sphincter is located at the distal end of this structure
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urinary bladder
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tube that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior pf the body
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urethra
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the urine making organ
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kidney
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the tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder
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ureter
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the average amount of urine expelled in 24 hours
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1500 ml
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the average pH of urine
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6.0
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the specific gravity of urine
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slightly heavier than water
(1.001-1.035) |
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the average color of urine
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yellow
amber straw colored deep yellow in dehydration pale yellow with overhydration |
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indicates an increased permeability of the glomerulus; sometimes exercise or pregnancy will result in this protein in urine
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Albuminuria
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this glucose in urine usually indicates diabetes mellitus
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Glycosuria
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red blood cells in urine,bleeding in urinary tract; indicated inflammation, trauma, or disease
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hematuria
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Hemoglobin in urine, indicates hemolysis (transfusion reactions, hemolytic anemia)
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Hemoglobinuria
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white blood cells in urine, indicates infection within the kidney or urinary tract
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pyuria (pus)
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ketone bodies in urine, usually indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (fats are rapidly and incompletely metabolized)
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ketonuria
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bilirubin in urine, usually indicates disease involving the liver and/or billary tree
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bilirubinuria
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male urethra is how long
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8 inches
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female urethra is how long
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1.5 inches
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