Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A-B-A Design
|
Reversal design: baseline, intervention, baseline
|
|
|
A-B-A-B Design
|
Reversal design: baseline, intervention, baseline, the intervention
|
|
|
Alternating Treatment Design
|
Two or more different interventions are rapidly alternated and the differential effects on the target behavior are noted (ex. what works better? Tokens or edibles for compliance)
|
|
|
Ascending Baseline
|
Behavior being tracked during baseline continues to increase
|
|
|
Baseline
|
Tracking of specified behavior without any intervention (status quo)
|
|
|
Baseline Logic
|
by comparing the new data with the baseline, we can know if the selected intervention is worth continuing or if it must be changed
|
|
|
Changing Criterion Design
|
technique for analyzing improvements in a single behavior as a function of stepwise increments in the response levels required for reinforcement. Used to evaluate the effects of reinforcement or punishment contingencies as they are applied in a graduated or stepwise fashion to a single target behavior
|
|
|
Confounding Variable
|
an uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on dependent variable
|
|
|
Component Analysis
|
any experiment designed to identify the active elements of a treatment condition, the relative contributions of different variables in a treatment package, and/or necessary and sufficient components of an intervention
|
|
|
Data
|
results of measurement, usually in quantifiable form
|
|
|
Delayed Multiple Baseline Design
|
initial baseline and intervention are begun for one behavior and subsequent baselines for additional behaviors are begun in a staggered or delayed fashion
|
|
|
Dependent Variable
|
variable that is being measured
|
|
|
Descending Baseline
|
data path that shows a decreasing trend in response measure over time
|
|
|
Direct Replication
|
an experiment in which the researcher attempts to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment
|
|
|
Double-blind control
|
a procedure that prevents the subject and the observers from detecting the presence or absence of the treatment variable; used to eliminate confounding of results by subjective expectations
|
|
|
Experimental Control
|
extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the IV by presenting it, and holding constant all confounding variables
|
|
|
External Validity
|
degree to which a study's findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors
|
|
|
Internal Validity
|
extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the IV and not the result of uncontrolled variables
|
|
|
Irreversibility
|
a situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were earlier
|
|
|
Multiple Baseline Design
|
begins with concurrent measurement of two or more behaviors ina baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behaviors
|
|
|
Multiple Probe Design
|
Intermittent measures, or probes, during baseline. Used to evaluate effects of instruction on skill sequences in which it is unlikely that the subject can improve performance on later steps in the sequence before learning prior steps
|
|
|
Multiple Treatment Design
|
compare effects of two or more experimental conditions to baseline and/or to one another
|
|
|
Nonparametric Study
|
When the independent variable is manipulated so that it is either present or absent during each time period or phase of study
|
|
|
Parametric Analysis
|
Seeks to discover the differential effects of a range of values of the IV
|
|
|
Practice Effects
|
Improvements in performance resulting from repeated opportunities to emit the behavior so that baseline measurements can be obtained
|
|
|
Prediction
|
anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future measurement
|
|
|
Procedural Reliability
|
The treatment/student can be repeated by another person/group and the results will be the same
|
|
|
Replication
|
Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity
|
|
|
Reversal Design
|
any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to verify the effect of the IV by "reversing" responding to a level obtained in a previous condition; encompasses experimental designs in which the IV is withdrawn or reversed in its focus
|
|
|
Sequence Effects
|
The effects on a subject's behavior in a given condition that are the result of the subject's experience w/a prior condition
|
|
|
Single Subject Design
|
A wide variety of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the IV on the behavior of individual subjects
|
|
|
Stable Baseline
|
Data that show no evidence of an upward or downward trend; all of the measures fall within a relatively small range of values
|
|
|
Steady State Responding
|
A pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimensional quantities over a period of time
|
|
|
Systematic Replication
|
An experiment in which the researcher purposefully varies on or more aspects of an earlier experiment. If results are the same as previous experiment it increases validity and reliability
|
|
|
Treatment Drift
|
an undesirable situation in which the IV of an experiment is applied differently during later stages than it was at the outset of the study
|
|
|
Treatment Integrity
|
The extent to which the IV is applied exactly as planned and described and no other unplanned variables are administered inadvertently along with the planned treatment (procedural integrity)
|
|
|
Variable Baseline
|
Data points that do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do not suggest any clear trend
|
|
|
Verification
|
One of three components of the experimental reasoning, used in single-subject, accomplished by demonstrating prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged had the IV not been introduced; Verifying the accuracy of the original prediction reduces the probability that some uncontrolled variable was responsible for the observed behavior change
|
|
|
Withdrawal Design
|
ABAB design; used to describe experiments in which an effective treatment is sequentially or partially withdrawn to promote the maintenance of behavior changes
|
