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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which type of radioactive decay releases an electron? |
Beta decay |
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The measure of the amount of disorder in a system is ____. |
Entropy |
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The transfer of heat by direct contact is called ____. |
Conduction |
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What process changes a liquid into a solid? |
Freezing |
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What is the energy associated with an object's motion? |
Kinetic Energy |
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What fundamental force binds atomic nuclei together? |
Strong nuclear force |
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The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard is a specific ____. |
Gravity |
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What is the SI unit of mass? |
Kilogram |
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Using proper significant figures, what is the answer to the problem (55.0 m/s)(3.029 s)? |
167 m |
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What is the amount of space that matter takes up? |
Volume |
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A device that uses a p-n junction to allow current flow in only one direction is a semiconductor _____. |
Diode |
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A semiconductor that produces electric current through the photovoltaic effect is a _____. |
Photovoltaic cell |
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A vacuum tube that has three electrodes is called a ___. |
Triode |
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A program stored in a form that the computer's CPU can understand, as a sequence of numbers representing basic operations, is a ____ language. |
Machine |
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The circuit board that connects all the computer's components is the _____. |
Motherboard |
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A mixture in which molecules of a substance are not completely mixed is a ____. |
Heterogeneous mixture |
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Which type of chemical bond involves sharing electrons between two atoms? |
Covalent bond |
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Which intermolecular force is caused by permanent partial charges on molecules? |
Dipole-dipole force |
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What is a substance composed of two of more types of atoms bonded together? |
Compound |
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The process of splitting an atomic nucleus into smaller pieces is nuclear ____. |
Fission |
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In the periodic table of the elements, elements are arranged by ____. |
Atomic number |
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What type of neutral subatomic particle is found in the atom's nucleus? |
Neutron |
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A device that processes information using electronic circuits is called a ____. |
Computer |
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Integrated circuits are preferred to diodes and transistors because integrated circuits are more reliable, ____, and ____. |
Smaller, cheaper |
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The two main types of software are system software and ____ software. |
Application |
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An alcohol is an organic compound containing a ____ group. |
Hydroxyl |
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What is the process in which the body produces and uses energy from food? |
Metabolism |
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What is the energy carrier of the cell? |
ATP |
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The number in a chemical equation that indicates how many molecules or formula units are involved in a reaction is the _____. |
Coefficient |
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What is a random change in DNA that occurs when a gene is damaged or copied incorrectly? |
mutation |
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What vector represents the rate of change in an object's position? |
velocity |
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What is the SI unit of force? |
Newton |
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The actual multiplication of force provided by a simple machine is the machine's ____. |
AMA |
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The product of the object's mass and velocity is its ____. |
Momentum |
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Sound with frequency below the range of human hearing is _____ sound. |
Infrasonic |
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Consonance and dissonance are caused by _____ of sound waves. |
Interference |
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A change in a sound's frequency that is caused by an object's motion demonstrates the _____ effect. |
Doppler |
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Find the speed of a wave that has a wavelength of 4.0 m and a frequency of 2.0 Hz. |
8.0 m/s |
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The additive primary colors of light are ____. |
Red, green, and blue |
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Name the bundles or packets of energy that electromagnetic waves travel as. |
Photons |
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What form of electromagnetic radiation causes sunburns? |
Ultraviolet radiation |
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What is the world's largest computer network? |
Internet |
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What type of device converts digital data into analog data? |
Modem |
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What is a versatile computer directed machine that can be programmed to do different tasks without human intervention? |
Robot |
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What term refers to any general-purpose computer designed to be accessed by many users at once? |
Server |
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What term refers to the actual physical components of a computer? |
Hardware |
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How many bits are in a byte? |
8 |
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What branch of electricity deals with the behavior and motion of electrons in a vacuum or special materials? |
Electronics |
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What is a single chip containing a complete CPU called? |
Microprocessor |
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What is the collection of programs that contain instructions for displaying words and images on the screen, saving information on the disk drive, and detecting what the user types on the keyboard. |
Operating system |
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What type of particle are cathode rays made of? |
Electrons |
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A simple device for detecting electric charges is a ____. |
Electroscope |
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Modern device for storing electric charges is a ____. |
Capacitor |
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A material that has several unpaired electrons per atom and is strongly attracted to magnets is ____. |
Ferromagnetic |
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The declination of Earth's magnetic field is 0° at the _____. |
Agonic line |
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A circuit with loads arranged in a single branch so that the current passes through all the loads is a ____ circuit. |
Series |
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A device for communicating over long distances using electromagnets is a ____. |
Telegraph |
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If the current in a circuit is 10.0 A and the voltage is 5.0 V, how much power does the circuit generate? |
50. W |
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What device produces an electric current using electromagnetic induction? |
Generator |
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In the manufacture of integrated circuits, raw materials are coded onto a wafer made of ____. |
Silicon |
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What is the most common type of transistor? |
Field-effect transistor |
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What system uses codes called URI's to identify specific pieces of information and indicate what method should be used to access the information? |
World Wide Web |
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What is a system of using the Internet to access remote computer resources that store, process, and manage users' data? |
Cloud computing |
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What is the "brain" if a computer? |
CPU |
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What system allows a computer to store programs and information? |
Memory |
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What is not a reason for doping a semi conductor? |
Reduces cost |
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What is used to store information permanently? |
ROM |
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A computer designed to perform only a few functions is a _____ -purpose computer. |
Special |
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The photovoltaic cell and light- emitting diode are examples of ____. |
Solid-state devices |
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The first general-purpose electric computer was _____. |
ENIAC |
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Relates the force needed to deform a solid and the amount of the deformation |
Hooke's law |
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When chemical equilibrium is distributed, the system will react to at least partially offset the disturbance |
Le Châtelier's principle |
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Lateral (sideward) pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases |
Bernoulli's principle |
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The idea that the universe is lawful, orderly, and operates according to physical laws |
Principle of causality |
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Says that gravity is an effect of the geometry of space |
General theory of relativity |
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The most commonly accepted evolutionary view of the origin of the matter and energy of the universe |
Big Bang theory |
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If the pressure of a gas remains constant, the volume and temperature of the gas are directly proportional |
Charles's law |
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States the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance |
Ohm's law |
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Like poles repel, and unlike poles attract |
Law of magnetic poles |
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The velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force |
First law of motion |
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The energy gained (or lost) by a system equals the energy lost (or gained) by the surroundings |
First law of thermodynamics |
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The buoyant force experienced by an object exactly equals the weight of the fluid displaced |
Archimedes' principle |
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The common coding system that requires only one byte per character is ____. |
ASCII |
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The number system based on powers of 16 in the ____ number system. |
Hexadecimal |
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The phenomenon in which an electric current flows from a hot filament to a positive electrode is ____ emission. |
Thermionic |
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The type of data that can have any possible value with in a certain range is ____data. |
Analog |
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A kilobyte equals _____ bytes. |
1,024 |
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The memory that a computer uses to store information temporarily is ____. |
RAM |