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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At their core, both anorexia and bulimia nervosa share which symptom?
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drive for thinness
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What is the key symptom that differentiates between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
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weight
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What is the difference between purging and non-purging and bulimia nervosa?
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purging: laxative, diuretics, enemas
non-purging: fasting, exercise |
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What is the difference between non-purging bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
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BED does not involve engagement in compensatory behaviors
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Binge eating is characterized by:
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eating a larger amount of food in a given period of time than is socially sanctioned, coupled with a sense of loss of control
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These three disorders are very common among persons with eating disorders:
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mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders
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Whereas persons with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa are reluctant to seek treatment for fear of embarrassment, persons with anorexia nervosa are very unlikely to seek treatment because:
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They don’t think they have a problem.
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What factors seem to increase the risk for eating disorders, particularly among women?
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-societal ideals
-puberty which shifts women away from ideals, -internalization of thin ideal, -negative affect, -dieting/restriction of food intake, -perfectionistic family – likes to maintain look of harmony |
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Medications tend (not to be/to be) helpful for persons with anorexia nervosa, whereas antidepressants may assist in the treatment of bulimia nervosa by improving mood.
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not to be
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Treatment for eating disorders should address:
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thoughts, cognitions, behaviors, relationships.
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The two types of treatment for eating disorders include: Which works faster?
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IPT, CBT
CBT works faster |
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Give an example of an eating disorder prevention program:
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student bodies,
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Although not an eating disorder, this problem affects 30% of Americans and results in significant psychological and medical comorbidity, costing the US over 117 billion in health care costs annually.
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obesity
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Causes of obesity include:
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industrialization, changes in portion size, more sedentary lifestyle
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What are the two broad classifications of sleep disorders and give an example of each:
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-dyssomnias-> disruptions in sleep quality, quantity, onset such as insomnia
-parasomnias-> abnormal behaviors and physiological events during sleep |
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This is a comprehensive set of physiological recordings made during sleep to aid in the diagnosis of various sleep disorders:
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polysomnography
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Insomnia may be caused by:
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-pain/physical discomfort,
-delayed temperature rhythm, -light, noise, temperature, -other sleep disorders (apnea, periodic limb movement disorder), -stress, -anxiety, -poor sleep habits (hygiene), -sleeping pills |
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Whereas hypersomnia is a parasomnia, narolepsy is a: ____________________.
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dyssomnia
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Sleep narcolepsy involves the sudden onset of REM sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations, that occur in response to strong emotional states. Please define these terms.
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-REM – rapid eye movement sleep or dream sleep
-cataplexy – loss of muscle tone -sleep paralysis – upon awakening, one is momentarily paralyzed & cannot speak -hypnogogic hallucinations – vivid hallucinations, involve all senses, at start of sleep -strong emotional states – being upset, angry, etc. |
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What is the difference between obstructive and central sleep apnea?
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-obstructive – obstruction of airflow
-central – cessation of respiratory activity, usually associated with head trauma, cerebral vascular disease, degenerative diseases |
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Jet lag and shift work may contribute to this sleep disorder:
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circadian rhythm disorder
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What’s the problem with taking benzodiazepines for sleep disorders?
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They’re good for short-term or periodic use only; extended use results in excessive sleepiness, rebound insomnia, dependence, and sometimes sleep walking
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______________________ medication is used for the treatment of hypersomnia/narcolepsy whereas ________________________ medication is used for the treatment of cataplexy.
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stimulant, antidepressant
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Breathing-related sleep disorders are treated with:
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-tricyclic medications,
-weight loss, -mechanical devices (CPAP, dental splint), -surgery |
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Circadian rhythm disorders are treated with:
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-phase delays (moving bedtime later), -phase advances (moving bedtime earlier),
-phototherapy (exposure to very bright light) |
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A parasomnia involving REM sleep is ______________; a parasomnia involving non-REM sleep is ___________________.
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REM: nightmare disorder; non-REM; sleep terror disorder, somnambulism (sleep walking)
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The treatment for sleep terror disorder involves:
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wait and see or scheduled awakenings
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what are some health risks of obesity?
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-hypertension
-heart disease -diabetes -gallbladder disease -arthritis -several different types of cancer |
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what are some medical consequences of bulimia?
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-salivary gland enlargement
-erosion of dental enamel -electrolyte imbalance -kidney failure -cardiac arrhythmia -seizure -intestinal problems |
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what are the two subtypes of anorexia?
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restricting-> does not eat or eats very little
binge-eating-purging-> anorexic who engages in binge eating or purging |
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what are some medical consequences of anorexia?
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-amenorrhea
-brittle hair and nails -sensitivity to cold temps. -lanugo -cardiovascular problems -osteoporosis/osteopenia -fainting/fatigue |
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what is binge-eating disorder?
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food binges with no compensatory behaviors
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what are some associated features of people with binge-eating disorder?
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-obese
-30s and 40s -more psychopathology than non-bingeing obese |
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bulimia is more common among what nationalities and what is the age of onset?
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-caucasian and hispanic
-16-19 |
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anorexia is more common among what nationalities and what is the age of onset?
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-caucasian and asian
-13-15 |
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binge-eating disorder is most common among which race?
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African American
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what is the relationship between obesity and eating disorders?
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as one increases, so does the other
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what is night eating syndrome?
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-a person does not eat anything until afternoon, then has dinner, then eats over 1/3 amount of calories after dinner
-patients are awake -no binge eating |
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list from least to most intrusive forms of treatment for obesity.
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-self-directed weight loss programs
-commercial self-help programs -behavior modification programs -bariatric surgery |
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this instrument measures brain waves during sleep.
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electroencephalograph (EEG)
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this instrument measures eye movement during sleep.
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eletrooculograph (EOG)
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this instrument measures muscle movements during sleep.
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eletromyography (EMG)
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this instrument tells how much movement occurs during sleep.
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actigraph
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what is the dysomnia associated with too much sleeping or excessive sleepiness?
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hypersomnia
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what is characteristic of circadian rhythm disorder?
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-inability to synchronize day and night
-insomnia or hyersomnia |
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what is the brain's biological clock that stimulates melatonin which induces sleep?
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
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what are the two types of sleep?
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REM sleep-> dream-like sleep
NREM sleep-> deeper stage of sleep |
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what is nocturnal eating syndrome?
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person eats while asleep and has no memory of eating
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what are some future directions of public policy incentives for obesity?
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-taxation of high fat foods
-incentives for healthy foods |