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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the heterosexual sequence for dating?
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1. putting oneself in situations where peers of opposite sex will be
2. group activities including opposite sex peers 3. group dating 4. traditional two-person dating |
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When are relationships more stable and committed?
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late adolescence
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How does Vygotsky say we learn?
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we learn in groups
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Love relationships among American adolescents tend to follow a developmental sequence of four steps:
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1. Adolescents in <b>same-gender</b> groups go to places where they hope to find other-gender groups
2. Adolescents take part in <b>social gatherings</b> arranged by adults, such as parties 3. <b>Mixed-gender</b> groups arrange to go to some particular event together, such as a movie 4. <b>Adolescent couples</b> begin to date as pairs in activities such as movies, dinners, concerts, and so on |
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Why do adolescents form love relationships?
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•<b>Recreation </b>
•<b>Learning </b> •<b>Status </b> •<b>Companionship</b> •<b>Intimacy</b> •<b>Courtship </b> |
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What are two types of dating scripts?
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<b>Proactive Script</b>
- males tend to follow this type of script - includes: • initiating the date • deciding where to go • controlling the public domain (driving the car) • initiating sexual contact <b>Reactive Script</b> - females tend to follow this type of script - focuses on: • private domain (grooming and dress) • responding to the male's gestures in the public domain • responding to his sexual initiatives |
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What is Sterberg's theory of love?
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Different types of love involve combining three fundamental qualities of love in different ways
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What are Sternberg's 3 fundamental qualities of love?
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1. <b>Passion</b>
- Involves physical attraction and sexual desire. It is emotional as well as physical and may involve intense emotions such as anxiety, delight, anger and jealousy 2.<b> Intimacy</b> - Feelings of closeness and emotional attachment. It includes mutual understanding, mutual support, and open communication 3. <b>Commitment</b> - The pledge to love someone over the long run. Commitment is what sustains a long-term relationship through fluctuations in passion and intimacy • these 3 qualities of love are combined into 7 different forms of love *girls have relational aggression – not physical |
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Sternberg's 7 forms of love
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march 20 notes
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What are two types of adolescent love?
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infatuation and romantic love
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In a study of 186 traditional cultures representing 6 distinct geographical regions around the world, how many of the countries didn't have young people fall passionately in love?
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1
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What is consensual validation?
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- People like to find in others an agreement, or <i>consensus</i>, with their own characteristics
- Finding this consensus supports, or <i>validates</i>, their own way of looking at the world |
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What similarities do people look for in a romantic partner?
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- Intelligence
- Social class - Ethnic background - Religious beliefs - Physical attractiveness |
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What are the 3 attachment styles between lovers?
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–<b>Secure</b>: Characterized by emotional support and concern for the partner’s well-being
–<b>Anxious-ambivalent</b>: Characterized by overdependence on the romantic partner along with insensitivity to the partner’s needs –<b>Anxious-avoidant</b>: Involve keeping emotional distance from the romantic partner and inhibiting self-disclosure |
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What is the model of adolescent love?
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1.<b>Initiation Phase </b>
•First tentative explorations of love; usually superficial, brief, and often fraught with anxiety, fear, and excitement 2.<b>Status Phase</b> •Begin to gain confidence in their interaction skills with potential romantic partners •Remain acutely aware of the evaluations of their friends and peers 3.<b>Affection Phase</b> •Come to know each other better and express deeper feelings •Beginning to engage in more extensive sexual activity 4.<b>Bonding Phase </b>(usually occurs in emerging adulthood) •The romantic relationship becomes more enduring and serious – partners begin to discuss the possibility of a lifelong commitment I.S.A.B. |
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What is the sharpest cross-cultural issue?
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chastity
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The most important considerations in an arranged marriage is the other family’s______, _________, and______
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status
religion wealth |
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Where is the percentage of cohabitation the highest?
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sweden
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Adolescent Sexual Activity
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Know ages
march 20 notes |
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_________ is used to express affection, satisfy curiosity, heighten sexual arousal, and reach orgasm while avoiding pregnancy and maintaining virginity.
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petting
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The proportion of high school students in grades 9–12 who had intercourse is:
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- Lowest for White adolescents (49%)
- Somewhat higher for Latino adolescents (58%) - Highest for African American adolescents (73%) |
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What are some characteristics of non-virgins?
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–Similar self-esteem as virgins
–Similar overall life satisfaction as virgins –More likely to be early maturing –Tend to have lower levels of academic performance and academic aspirations |
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What are some characteristics of adolescents who have had sex before 15?
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–Early users of drugs and alcohol
–More likely to be from single parent households –More likely to have grown up in poverty |
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What two types of countries have low rates of teenage pregnancy?
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- those that are permissive about adolescent sex
- those that adamantly forbid adolescent sex |
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By age 24, one in ____ sexually active Americans has contracted an STD
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three
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What are two important characteristics of STDs?
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- <b>Asymptomatic</b>
o People show no symptoms of the disease o They are especially likely to infect others because neither they nor others realize that they are infected o Takes about 5 years - <b>Latency Period</b> o There may be years between the time people are infected and the time they begin to show symptoms o During this time, they may be infecting others without either themselves or their partners being aware of it |
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What is chlamydia?
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–Amongst the most common STDs
–Highest rates among 15 to 19 year olds –Leading cause of female infertility if untreated -symptoms: pain during urination/intercourse and in the lower abdomen |
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What is HPV?
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Most common STD (one-third American women infected by age 24)
–Infects cells on the surface of the body –Two categories: asymptomatic (80% of cases); and genital warts –For women, increased risk of developing cervical cancer |
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What is herpes simplex?
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–Caused by a virus
–Has two variations: herpes simplex I and herpes simplex II –Highly infectious (75% of those exposed to an infected partner will become infected) –There is no cure for herpes |
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What is HIV/AIDS?
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–Strips the body of its ability to fend off infections
–The body is highly vulnerable to a wide variety of diseases –90% of cases of HIV in the U.S. result from intercourse between homosexual or bisexual partners –Outside the U.S. HIV/AIDS is spread mainly between heterosexual partners –Has a long latency period (tend to be asymptomatic up to 5 years) –AIDS is the leading cause of death worldwide among persons 25 to 44 years old –10 of every 11 new HIV infections worldwide come from Africa –The mortality rate for people who have AIDS remains extremely high |
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Many non-Western cultures restrict adolescents’ expressions of__________ love because they believe that marriage should be based on family interests rather than individual choice.
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passionate
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With respect to their views on adolescent sexuality, cultures can be generally classified as:
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restrictive, semirestrictive, or permissive.
The U.S. today is probably best classified as semirestrictive, with a great deal of ambivalence and divided opinions about adolescent sexuality. |
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True or False: Rates of sexually transmitted diseases are especially high in the late teens and early twenties.
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True
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What is the optimum school size for adolescents?
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500-1000 students
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What is L.D.?
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learning disorder
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What is A.D.H.D.?
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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What is L.S.T.?
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learning support teachers
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What is the 6-3-3 plan?
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6 years elementary; 3 years junior high; 3 years high school
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What is the 5-3-4 plan?
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5 years elementary; 3 years middle school; 4 years high school
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What is the 8-4 plan?
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8 years elementary; 4 years high school
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Compared to Elementary Schools, Secondary Schools:
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1.Place greater emphasis on <b>teacher control</b> and discipline
2.Provide <b>fewer opportunities for student decision-making</b>, choice, and self-management 3.Secondary School teachers <b>spend more time controlling and less time teaching</b> 4.<b>Less personal </b>and positive teacher-student relationships. Students perceive teachers less friendly, less supportive, and less caring |
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Who coined the term "school climate"?
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Michael Rutter
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What is the IQ of gifted students?
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130 or greater
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What are the 4 characteristics of giftedness?
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1.<b>Precocity </b>– gifts evident at an early age
2.<b>Independence</b> – ability to work independently 3.<b>Drive for Mastery </b>– intense drive 4.<b>Excellence in Information Processing </b>– process information faster P.I.D.E. |
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What percentage of adolescents have a learning disability?
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10%
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What is the most common source of difficulty among students with a learning disability?
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reading
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Are boys or girls more likely to have ADHD?
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boys - four times more likely
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What is A.D.O.R.E.?
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•<b>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Observational Research in Europe</b> (ADORE) study
•Pediatricians and child psychiatrists collected observational data at seven points over two years •Parents’ assessments showed high agreement with health professionals Findings •<b>Higher rates of ADHD among boys than girls</b>; varied widely across countries •Symptoms similar among boys and girls •Girls more likely to have additional emotional problems and be bullied by peers •Boys more likely to have additional conduct problems •Frequent problems in relationships associated with ADHD among boys and girls •Parents reported frequent stresses due to children’s ADHD behavior |
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What is tracking?
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Tracking (Stratified levels or placing in different groups) – another way that secondary schools address the diversity in interests and abilities among their students is through placing students into different groups, or “tracks”
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What are the 3 types of tracking?
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1.<b>Upper </b>– college preparatory level
2.<b>General</b> – for average students 3.<b>Remedial/Special Education</b> – for students academically behind their peers |
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What are the 4 subcultures of collegiate life?
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1.<b>Collegiate</b> – centers around fraternities, sororities, dating, drinking and campus fun. Do enough school work to get by
2.<b>Vocational </b>– purpose is to gain skills that will enable them to get a better job that they would not have otherwise 3.<b>Academic</b> – identifies with the educational mission…students are drawn to the world of ideas and knowledge. Study hard and do their assignments 4.<b>Rebel</b> – aggressively noncomformist. Selectively studious |
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____________ affects students’ academic performance and their participation in delinquency.
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School climate
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What are externalizing problems?
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create difficulties in a person’s external world: called <b>undercontrolled</b>
- risky automobile driving - substance use - delinquency and crime - factors involved in risk behaviour |
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What are internalizing problems?
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are problems that primarily affect a person internal world. Young people with internalizaed problems: called <B>overcontrolled</b>
- depression - eating disorders/anxiety |
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Who has the highest rate of auto accidents?
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youth aged 16-24
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What are the 2 types of prevention to auto accidents?
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1.Driver Education
- Generally hasn’t worked too well… - Get your license faster…you’re out there driving and getting into accidents! 2.Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) – More effective – Address a variety of risk factors – Restrict the conditions under which novices can drive |
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What are the 3 stages to a GDL program?
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1.Learning License – getting driving experience under supervision of experienced driver
2.Restricted License – can drive unsupervised, but with restrictions designed to reduce crashes (e.g. driving curfews) 3.Full License – after 1 year restricted |
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What is the sequence of substance abuse?
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1.Drinking beer and wine
2.Smoking cigarettes and drinking hard liquor 3.Smoking marijuana 4.Using “hard” drugs |
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What are the 3 types of crimes juveniles commit?
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S.I.N.
1.<b>Status Offences </b>– only a violation of the law because committed by juvenile 2.<b>Index Crimes</b> – serious crimes at any age - Violent Crimes - Property Crimes 3.<b>Nonindex Crimes</b> – less serious offenses such as gambling, disorderly conduct |
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What are the 2 types of delinquency?
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• <b>Life-course-persistent delinquents</b> - LCPDs
- Pattern of problems from birth on up - Originate in neuropsychological deficits (difficult temperament, LD) - Likely to grow up in high risk environment • <b>Adolescent-delimited delinquent</b> - ALDs - No signs of problems in infancy or childhood - Period of occasional criminal activity between ages of 12–25 (e.g. vandalism, illegal drug use) |
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What is the multisystemic approach?
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MST includes parent training, job training, vocational counseling, development of neighborhood activities and centers – directing the energy of delinquents in positive directions.
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What is the diathesis-stress model?
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mental disorder such as depression often begin with a diatheses (meaning preexisting vulnerability). Mental disorders result from the combination of a diathesis (biological vulnerability) and environmental stresses
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What is CBT?
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) recognizes that depression is characterized by negative attributions, and a belief that the situation is permanent and uncontrollable
The goal of CBT is to help the young person recognize the cognitive habits that are promoting depression and work to change those habits. Strategies include discussion, role play, practicing new ways of interacting |
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What are protective factors that promote resilience?
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1.High intelligence
2.Parenting that balances warmth and control 3.Having strong religious faith 4.Having a caring adult “mentor” outside the family |
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True or False: Females attempt suicide four times as often as males, but males are about four times as likely to actually kill themselves.
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True
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