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229 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the three parts of an ATP molecule

Adenine ribose and 3 phosphate groups

Energy is released from ATP when

A phosphate group is removed

A granum is a

Stacks of thylakoids

The stroma is the region outside the

thylakoids

What is the role of NADP in photosynthesis

Electron carriers

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27 Celsius the gas being collected is probably

Oxygen

Photosynthesis uses some way to convert water and carbon dioxide into

Oxygen and high-energy sugars

Which of the following is NOT in the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

Nitrogen

In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of

Oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?

ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars

Which of the following activities happens within the stroma?

The Calvin cycle produces sugars

The Calvin cycle is another name for the

Light-independent reactions

The Calvin cycle takes place in the

Stroma

What is a product of the Calvin cycle?

High-energy sugars

How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions?

It takes place in the stroma

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plants environment, what would you expect to happen to the plants production of high-energy sugars?

No sugars will be produced

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis-Krebs cycle-electron transport

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis-Krebs cycle-electron transport

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

602 + C6H12O6-->6CO2 + 6H2O

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down

Food molecules

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen

Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?

Water

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires

Oxygen

Which process does NOT release energy from glucose?

Photosynthesis

Which if the following is one if the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes?

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to

Mitochondria

The product of photosynthesis are the

Reactants of cellular respiration

Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of

2 ATO molecules

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Glycolysis

The starting molecules for glycolysis is

Glucose

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Glycolysis

The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is

Pyruvic acid

The product of photosynthesis are the

Reactants of cellular respiration

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Glycolysis

The starting molecules for glycolysis is

Glucose

The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is

Pyruvic acid

The Krebs cycle does NOT occur if

Oxygen is present

In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by

The Krebs cycle

In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by

The Krebs cycle

What process do the arrows for oxygen going in and water coming out represent in the figure 9-2 diagram of the mitochondria?

Electron transport


In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Cellular respiration uses I molecule of glucose to produce approximately

36 ATP molecules

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in

Muscle cells

The two main types of fermentation are called

Lactic acid and anaerobic

The two main types of fermentation are called

Lactic acid and anaerobic

The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?

Alcoholic fermentation

Breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of

Repaying an oxygen debt

All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT

Alcoholic fermentation

All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT

Alcoholic fermentation

RNA contains the sugar

Ribose

All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT

Alcoholic fermentation

RNA contains the sugar

Ribose

Which nucleotide in figure 13-2 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?

Uracil

Which of the following is true?

RNA is usually single-stranded

Which of the following is true?

RNA is usually single-stranded

Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts if the cell?

mRNA

Which of the following is true?

RNA is usually single-stranded

Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts if the cell?

mRNA

Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA,and transfer RNA

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

DNA

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

DNA

What is produced during transcription?

RNA molecules

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

DNA

What is produced during transcription?

RNA molecules

During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is

Complementary to part of one strand of DNA

What does figure 13-2 show?

The genetic code

What does figure 13-2 show?

The genetic code

How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?

9

In figure 13-3 which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?

Pro

According to figure 13-3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU?

UAC

A promoter is a

Binding site for RNA polymerase

What happens during translation?

The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins

What happens during translation?

The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the

Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

A promoter is a

Binding site for RNA polymerase

What happens during translation?

The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the

Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

A protein is being assembled when

RNA is being translated

What happens during translation?

The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the

Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

A protein is being assembled when

RNA is being translated

Genes contain instructions for assembling

Proteins

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

DNA to RNA to protein

The genetic code is always read

3 bases at a time in the same direction

In eukaryotes

Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm

A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called

A point mutation

A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called

A point mutation

Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation ANDa type if gene mutation?

Deletion

A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called

A point mutation

Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation ANDa type if gene mutation?

Deletion

When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is

Lost

Most mutations

Have no effect one an organism

Most mutations

Have no effect one an organism

What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?

They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants

A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by

Binding to the operator

A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by

Binding to the operator

Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes?

TATA box

Which of the following is part of only prokaryotic genes?

Operon

What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?

Transcription factors

What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?

Transcription factors

Hoc genes determine an animals

Body plan

What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?

Transcription factors

Hoc genes determine an animals

Body plan

How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype

46

Sickle cell disease is caused by a

Change in one allele

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests?

Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests?

Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law

Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect?

Inbreeding

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests?

Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law

Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect?

Inbreeding

Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn?

Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests?

Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law

Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect?

Inbreeding

Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn?

Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred

To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of

Hybridization

People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they

Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells

Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied?

Gel electrophoresis

Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

100 base pairs long

The human genome project is an attempt to

Sequence the DNA of every human gene

What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests?

Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law

Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect?

Inbreeding

Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn?

Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred

To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of

Hybridization

To produce animals with certain desirable characteristics by selective breeding, human stake advantage of

The natural variations that exist among individuals

Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs

Change the number of chromosomes found in cells

Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?

They will live

Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs

Change the number of chromosomes found in cells

Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?

They will live

During transformation

A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell

Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs

Change the number of chromosomes found in cells

Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?

They will live

During transformation

A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell

Which protein creates DNA fragments with sticky ends?

Restriction enzyme

The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called

Genetic engineering

The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called

Genetic engineering

A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as

Recombinant DNA

The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called

Genetic engineering

A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as

Recombinant DNA

Is a restriction enzyme leaves a sticky end with the sequence TTAA, what will the sequence of the complementary sticky end be?

AATT

The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called

Genetic engineering

A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as

Recombinant DNA

Is a restriction enzyme leaves a sticky end with the sequence TTAA, what will the sequence of the complementary sticky end be?

AATT

Which of the following would require the use of recombinant DNA?

Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin

Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?

Because they can be used to transform bacteria

Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?

Because they can be used to transform bacteria

A plant cell is successfully transformed if

The cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes

Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms?

Bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant

Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms?

Bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant

Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning, which of the following is a difference between Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction?

The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual

What is a advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?

Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts

Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide?

By cotton

Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide?

By cotton

When the gene for Bt toxin is inserted into corn, farmers can use less

Pesticide

Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide?

By cotton

When the gene for Bt toxin is inserted into corn, farmers can use less

Pesticide

GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would

Produce more food for the same acreage

What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?

Increasing the food supply

Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn?

Farmers can decease their use of insecticides

Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn?

Farmers can decease their use of insecticides

The purpose of gene therapy is to

Treat genetic disorders

Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn?

Farmers can decease their use of insecticides

The purpose of gene therapy is to

Treat genetic disorders

Gene therapy is successful if the

Replacement gene is expressed in the persons cells

The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that

No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA

The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that

No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA

What is shown in figure 15-3?

DNA fingerprints

Which of the following is trite of patents in biotechnology?

A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research

Which of the following is trite of patents in biotechnology?

A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research

One reason farmers often choose GM crops over non-GM crops because GM crops are

More productive

According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases

F

According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases

F

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide

False -oxygen

According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases

F -increases

According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases

F -increases

The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration

F -products

According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases

False -increases

The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration

False -products

NADH and FADH2 carry electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain

True

The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA

True

The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA

True

According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala

False -Gly

According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala

False -Gly

The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon TCT

False -UCU

According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala

False -Gly

The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon TCT

False -UCU

When DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis, the longest fragments move fastest

False -shortest

Information from the Human Genome Project can be used to lean more about human diseases

True

Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of hybridization

False -inbreeding

Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population

True

Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population

True

A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene

True

Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population

True

A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene

True

Scientists use genetic markers to determine which cells have been successfully transform

True

Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population

True

A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene

True

Scientists use genetic markers to determine which cells have been successfully transform

True

During a polymerase chain reaction, the number of DNA copies increases exponentially with each cycle

True

Framers growing Bt corn can use more insecticide than farmers growing the same amount of non-GM corn

False -less

Framers growing Bt corn can use more insecticide than farmers growing the same amount of non-GM corn

False -less

Transgenic plants are often used to simulate humans in medical tests

False -animals

DNA fingerprints analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but are similar from person to person

False -different

Patenting a process, such as PCR, restricts the use if the process to the patent holder and to those who pay a fee

True