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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is thought to be the origin of mitochondria? Of chloroplasts?
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Purple bacteria/cyanobacteria
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In the gene that affects snail coiling, the ______ is responsible for the phenotype of the offspring.
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Mother's genotype
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Both parents usually imprint the same gene.
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False
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What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?
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Methylation
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Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?
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Mitochondria
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How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?
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1
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The coat color of calico cats is a result of _____.
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X-inactivation
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Monoallelic expression is associated with which of the following?
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Genomic imprinting
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Which of the following is true regarding human mtDNA?
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It is around 17,000 bp in length.
It is a circular chromosome. Multiple copies exist in each mitochondria. It mostly contains rRNA and tRNA genes. |
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mtDNA contains all of the genes necessary for the complete function of mitochondrial metabolism.
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False
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cpDNA contains which of the following types of genes?
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rRNA, tRNA, Genes for photosynthetic pathways
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Dosage compensation offsets the problems associated with differences in the number of _______ chromosomes in many species.
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sex
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The inheritance patterns of genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus of the cell is called _______.
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extranuclear (or cytoplasmic) inheritance
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Heteroplasmy is associated with inheritance patterns involving
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mitochondria or chloroplasts
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Expression of ______ would inhibit X-inactivation.
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TsiX
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Where is extra nuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?
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Mitochondria
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Which of the following does not inactivate an X chromosome?
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Drosophila
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What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?
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Xist
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What is a disease associated with extranuclear inheritance?
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LHON
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What encodes the toxin paramecin in Paramecium aurelia?
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Kappa Particles
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The inheritance of leaf pigmentation in the four-o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa is an example of ____.
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Maternal inheritance
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A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression, but not permanently, is called _______ inheritance.
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epigenetic
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In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?
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Paternal, paternal
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What are some diseases associated with imprinting?
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Angelman Syndrome
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A chromosomal event that precedes X chromosome inactivation is
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Locus specific chromosome pairing
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First phase of development:
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Formation of body axes
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Second phase of development:
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Segmentation of the body
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Third phase of development:
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Determination of structures within segments
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Fourth phase of development:
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Cell differentiation
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Which of the following apply to Hox genes?
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Adjacent groups of Hox genes form Hox complexes.
In vertebrates, Hox genes play a key role in the anteroposterior axis. The coding sequence of Hox genes contains the homeobox. Knockout genes have been used to determine the function of Hox genes. |
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The order of hox genes on a chromosome is important for the correct expression along the anteroposterior axis of the body. If a mutation occurs that causes one of these genes to be expressed in an area where expression does not normally occur, the outcome is referred to as a ________________________.
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gain-of-function mutation
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Mutations of plant homeotic genes can result in which of the following outcomes?
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Changes in the sepals
Changes in the petals Changes in the stamen Changes in the carpels |
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The ZZ/ZW chromosomes system in determining the sex of individuals is found in _________.
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birds
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In ________, the sex of individuals is determined by whether an individual is haploid or diploid.
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bees
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The temperature of the nest during development determines the sex in ____________.
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American Alligators
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A population of _______________ consists of males and hermaphrodites.
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C.elegans
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Pole cells are responsible for forming what structures in an adult organism?
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Gametes
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Gap genes and pair-rule genes are examples of genes that determine _____.
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Formation of body segments
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Which of the following provide positional information to the developing organism?
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Threshold concentration
Morphogens Induction Cell adhesion |
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The bicoid gene is responsible for the formation of what portion of the Drosophila embryo?
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Anterior structures
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The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?
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Maternal inheritance
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In Drosophila embryos the anterior compartment of a segment overlaps with the posterior compartment of a parasegment.
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True
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A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?
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Replacing of one body part with another
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Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a _________.
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Gain of function mutation
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Homeodomains _____.
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Are the protein domains encoded by homeoboxes
Are part of transcription factors Bind to the major groove of DNA |
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Cell lineage diagrams are most easily prepared in which of the following model organisms?
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C. elegans
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A mutation in which the fate of cell lineages is not synchronized in an organism is called a ____.
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Heterochronic mutation
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Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggest that there is a universal body plan for animal development.
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True
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The model organism for the study of plant development is _____.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
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A mutation in the B genes of Arabidopsis would result in the incorrect formation of what structure?
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Flowers
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Which of the following genes must be expressed in Drosophila for development into a female fly?
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SXL
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In humans, what gene determines maleness?
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SRY
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In humans, an XY individual in which a deletion has inactivated SRY would developmentally be what sex?
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Female
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Genes that specify the final identity of a body region are called _______.
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homeotic
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Molecules that convey positional information and promote developmental changes are called _______.
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morphogens
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The _______ of a morphogen determines its effect on development.
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concentration
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Skeletal muscle cell development is controlled by _______ proteins.
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myogenic bHLH
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The ABC model explains the process of _______.
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flower development
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If the lin-14 gene product persists for too long, this causes the worm to have
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More cells
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The scientific basis for studying mutant worms exhibiting a defective egg-laying phenotype was that
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Some worms with this phenotype may have a heterochronic mutation.
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In the following sequence of DNA, the italicized base has been mutated. What type of mutation is this?
5' - G A T C T C C G A A T T - 3' original strand 5' - G A T C T C C C A A T T - 3' mutated strand |
Transversion
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The Bar mutation in Drosophila, in which affected flies have a very narrow eye, is an example of a ______ - level mutation.
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Chromosome
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Anticipation is associated with which of the following?
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Trinucleotide repeat expansions
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Which of the following codons would typically be repeated in a trinucleotide expansion repeat region?
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CAG
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Translocations and inversions may cause which of the following?
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Position effect
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A translocation that moves a gene from an area of euchromatin to heterochromatin would typically cause a(n) _______ in the expression of the gene.
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Reduction
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Which of the following is not an example of a spontaneous mutation?
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UV light induced thymine dimers
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The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which of the following theories?
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Random mutation theory
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After screening a colony of bacteria for a given gene, you discover 100 mutant colonies out of 3 million total colonies. What is the mutation frequency for this gene in the population?
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3.3 x 10-5
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Which of the following is correct regarding the rate of mutation?
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Rates of mutation per cell generation typically range from 10-5 to 10-9
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The conversion of cytosine to uracil in DNA is an example of _____.
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Deamination
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The complete loss of either a guanine or adenine from DNA is an example of _____.
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Depurination
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Which of the following are examples of suppressor mutations?
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An intragenic mutation that restores protein structure
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A temporary change in the bonding arrangements of a nitrogenous base is called ______.
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A tautomeric shift
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The first environmental agent shown to induce mutation was _____.
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X-rays
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Which of the following is an example of a base analog?
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5BU
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Uses enzymes called the DNA-N-glycolases.
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Base excision repair
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Is responsible for repairing damage from UV radiation.
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Nucleotide excision repair
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Photolyase in yeast is an enzyme associated with
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Direct repair
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Utilizes MutL, MutH, and MutS proteins in E. coli.
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Mismatch repair
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Often leads to deletion in chromosome sequence.
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Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)
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Identifies daughter strands by methylation.
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Mismatch repair
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In the nucleotide excision repair system, which of the following proteins is responsible for recognizing a thymine dimer to be repaired?
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UvrAB
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The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen.
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True
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A change in the chromosome number is called a point mutation.
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False
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An individual that is a genetic mosaic would be the result of a______mutation.
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somatic cell
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Recognizes double stranded breaks and unwinds DNA.
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RecBCD
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Binds to single stranded DNA and promotes strand invasion.
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RecA
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Promotes branch migration
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RuvAB
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Is an endonuclease.
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RuvC
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During the lysogenic stage of the lambda phage lifecycle, lambda DNA inserts into the genome using a site specific recombinational event. Which of the following is not necessary for this to occur?
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UV light
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Requires transposase to transpose
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composite transposon
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Requires reverse transcriptase
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viral like retroelement
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Contains direct repeats
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composite transposon and viral like retroelement
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Contains inverted repeats
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composite transposon
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Has long terminal repeats
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viral like retroelement
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Has an integrase gene
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viral like retroelement
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Where does crossing over occur?
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Prophase of Meiosis I
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Which of the following most likely accounts for the majority of the recombination events during both DNA repair and meiosis?
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Double-break model
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D-Loop formation is associated with _______
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the double-break model
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Bacteriophage l inserts into a bacterial chromosome using which of the following?
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DNA gap repair
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Which of the following processes accounts for the tremendous variation in antibody structure?
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Site-specific recombination
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Which of the following domain types is unique to the heavy chain of the polypeptide?
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D
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RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are associated with which of the following?
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Site-specific recombination in antibodies
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Which of the following genes was mobile in McClintock's experiments with mutable sites in corn?
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Ds
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The type of transposition in which the number of transposons increases in the genome is called ______.
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Replicative transposition
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Insertion sequences can be identified by which of the following?
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presence of integrase
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Which of the following is technically not part of the genetic information of a transposable element?
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Direct repeats
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A heteroduplex is a DNA double helix that contains mismatches.
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True
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