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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two two types of ADRS? |
Type A - Augmented. Type B- Bizarre. |
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What is Type A - Augmented ? |
Excessive pharmacological activity at target site.
Predictable and usually dose related. Detected in clinical trails. High morbidity/low mortality. Responds to dose reduction.
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What are examples of type A ADRS? |
Opiate analgesics = constipation Beta- blockers= cold feet/ dradycardia. Tricyclic anti-depressants= Dry Mouth, blurred vision. Diuretics = incontinence |
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What is Type B - Bizarre ? |
Unrelated to known pharmacological action. Unpredictable and rarely dose dependent. Low morbidity/ high mortality. Nation of reactions are intolerance, allergic reactions and idiosyncratic reactions. Responds to drug withdrawal. |
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What examples of Type B- Bizarre ADRs ? |
Carbimazole= blood dyscrasias Paroxetine = liver failure Tinzaparin = Thrombocytopenia. |
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What to report of ADR ? |
Any serious ADR. All ADRs for a black triangle drug. Any ADR however minor if associated with a child or in pregnancy. Yellow card the reports go to. |
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What are the two types of interactions ? |
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic. |
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What is Pharmacodynamic interaction? |
Is related to the pharamcological action of the two drugs. Impacts all drugs in the same group. Drug interactions is predicatable. Occurs in most patients. E.g. Diazepam & Alcohol = increase sedation. |
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What is pharmacokinetic interaction ? |
related to way drug affect each other as they move through the body. Not predictable. May effect only few patients. Similar drugs cant be assumed to have same interactions. |
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What is Narrow therapeutic Index mean? |
When the differences between the plasma concentrations of no effect and toxic effect is small. Often require monitoring of plasma levels. |
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List the common drugs influenced by the narrow therapeutic index ? |
Digoxin Theophylline Lithium Ciclosporin Tacrolimus Warfarin. |
