Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the penetration and deposition aerosols in the respiratory tract?
|
The rate of the mucociliary clearance
|
|
Coalescence of liquid aerosol particles result in:
|
A smaller number of larger particles
|
|
A physician has ordered particular water aerosol therapy for a patient with cystic fibrosis having difficulty with inspissated secretions in the bronchi. What range of particle sizes would result in maximum deposition in this area
|
5-8 µm
|
|
The ability of an aerosol to remain in suspension over time is referred to as:
|
Stability
|
|
The primary mechanism for clearance of solid aerosol particles from the conducting zones of the lungs is:
|
Mucociliary transport
|
|
The WEIGHT density of an aerosol is commonly expressed in which of the following unit?
I. grams of aerosol per cubic meter (g/m3) II. number of aerosol particles per square meter III. milligrams of aerosol per liter (mg/L) |
I and III only
|
|
What is a good indicator of aerosol stability?
|
its mass median diameter
|
|
Which of the following factors affect the stability of an aerosol?
I. the size and nature of the particles II. the concentration of the particles III. the ambient humidity IV. the mobility of the carrier gas |
I, II, III, and IV
|
|
The maximum depth that particles can be carried into the respiratory tract by the inhaled tidal air is referred to as:
|
Penetration
|
|
In terms of their penetration and deposition in the respiratory tract, what is the primary fate of particles in the 3 to 4 µ, size range?
|
Most are deposited in the alveolar region
|
|
Which of the following represent DISADVANTAGES of the aerosol route for drug administration?
I. rapid onset of desired therapeutic effect II. requires patient cooperation for optimum delivery III. high percentage of deposition in oropharynx IV. potential source of nosocomial infection |
II, III, and IV
|
|
Hypertonic saline solutions are often used for sputum induction. What is the primary physiological rationale underlying the use of hypertonic saline as the aerosol medium for sputum induction?
|
It draws fluid out from the mucosa, increasing secretion volume
|
|
Following removal of an endotracheal tube, cool (unheated) water aerosol therapy would be indicated to prevent which of the following?
I. laryngeal edema II. inflammation III. aspiration |
I and II only
|
|
A physican’s order specifies a goal of mobilizing retained secretions in a patient with chronic respiratory disease (intact upper airway). What humidity/aerosol therapy approaches would you recommend in addition to the other forms of bronchial hygiene?
|
administration of a bland water aerosol heated to BTPS
|
|
Objectives of aerosol therapy include which of the following?
I. to provide humidfication to the respiratory tract II. to serve as an adjuct for mobilization of secretions III. to provide a route for drug administration |
I, II, and III
|
|
Sputum induction techniques may be used:
I. to gather specimens for cytologic examination II. to serve as an adjuct for mobilization of secretions III. to gather specimens for microbiological diagnosis |
I and III only
|
|
Which of the following are components of an ultrasonic nebulizer?
I. Electronic module (power pack) II. Air entrainment orifice III. Nebulizer chamber IV. Piezoelectric transducer V. Blower or fan |
I, III, IV, and V
|
|
Application of ultrasonic nebulizers should probably be limited to which of the following clinical situations?
I. Intermittent use for facilitating mobilization of secretions II. As a means to administer aerosolized pharmacological agents III. To stimulate cough for diagnostic purposes (sputum induction) IV. To provide continuous humidification to the respiratory tract |
I and III only
|
|
The maximum density (mg/L) produced by clinical ultrasonic nebulizers is about:
|
500 mg/L
|
|
Which of the following nebulizers require an electrical power source in order to generate an aerosol?
I. Centrifugal nebulizer II. Small particle aerosol generator III. Ultrasonic nebulizer IV. Large volume jet nebulizer |
I and III only
|
|
Which of the following types of nebulizers can produce the highest density aerosol suspension?
|
an ultrasonic nebulizer
|
|
Aerosol suspension produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer has a MMD of approximately:
|
6 µm
|
|
A patient is receiving ultrasonic treatments to help mobilize secretions. Although helpful toward this end, the patient tends to develop persistent wheezing at the end of her treatment sessions. What would you recommend to the ordering physician?
|
Administer a bronchodilator before treatments
|
|
The organisms most commonly associated with contamination of clinical aerosol generators are:
|
gram negative bacilli
|
|
Hazards of aerosol therapy include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. airway reactivity/bronchospasm b. spread of bacterial infections c. overhydration/fluid imbalances d. Pharmacologic side effects e. Loss of body fluids/dehydration |
Loss of body fluids/dehydration
|
|
The potential for drug reconcentration during aerosol therapy can be minimized by:
|
Ensuring full water vapor saturation of the carrier gas
|
|
Which of the following patient groups are at greatest risk from continuous aerosol therapy?
I. Infants and small children II. Patients with atelectasis III. Patients with electrolytes imbalances IV. Patients with pulmonary edema |
I, II, III, and IV
|
|
Research on animal models has shown that inhalation of “bland” water or saline aerosols for prolonged periods (72 hours) can cause:
I. Atelectasis/pulmonary edema II. Localized inflammation III. Focal tissue abscesses IV. Decreased serum osmolarity |
I, II, III and IV
|