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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Declaration of Independence |
a document written in 1776 in which the American colonists proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and listed their grievances against the British king |
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Natural rights |
the right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take away |
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Social contract |
an agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights |
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Articles of Confederation |
the first basis for the new nation’s government; adopted in 1781; created an alliance of sovereign states held together by a weak central government |
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Checks and balances |
a system that allows one branch of government to limit the exercise of power by another branch; requires the different parts of government to work together |
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Confederation |
a highly decentralized form of government; sovereign states form a union for purposes such as mutual defense |
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Republic |
a form of government in which political power rests in the hands of the people, not a monarch, and is exercised by elected representatives |
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Bicameral legislature |
a legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress |
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Enumerated powers |
the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8); power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs |
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Federal system |
a form of government in which power is divided between state governments and a national government |
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Great compromise |
a compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a two-house Congress; representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation of states in the Senate |
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New Jersey plan |
a plan that called for a one-house national legislature; each state would receive one vote |
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Reserved powers |
any powers not prohibited by the Constitution or delegated to the national government; powers reserved to the states and denied to the federal government |
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Separation of powers |
the sharing of powers among three separate branches of government |
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Supremacy clause |
the statement in Article VI of the Constitution that federal law is superior to laws passed by state legislatures |
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Three-Fifths Compromise |
a compromise between northern and southern states that called for counting of all a state’s free population and 60 percent of its slave population for both federal taxation and representation in Congress |
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Unicameral legislation |
a legislature with only one house, like the Confederation Congress or the legislature proposed by the New Jersey Plan |
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Veto |
the power of the president to reject a law proposed by Congress |
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Virginia Plan |
a plan for a two-house legislature; representatives would be elected to the lower house based on each state’s population; representatives for the upper house would be chosen by the lower house |
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Anti-Federalists |
those who did not support ratification of the Constitution |
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Federalists |
those who supported ratification of the Constitution |
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"The Federalist Papers" |
a collection of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the Constitution |
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Bill of Rights |
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; most were designed to protect fundamental rights and liberties |