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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Amino group and Carboxyl group |
General structure of amino acids includes an _______ and _______ both of which are bonded to the a-carbon |
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Amino group |
The —NH2 functional group |
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Carboxyl group |
The —COOH functional group that dissociates to give the carboxylate anion, —COO- and a hydrogen ion |
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Side chain group |
The portion of an amino acid that determines its identity; represented by the letter R |
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Stereochemistry |
The branch of chemistry that deals with the three-dimentional shape of the molecules |
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Chiral |
Object that is not superimposable on its mirror image; nonsuperimposable mirror images |
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Achiral |
Object that is superimposable on its mirror image |
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Stereoisomers |
Molecules that differ from each other only in their configuration |
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Optical isomers |
Stereoisomers is also called _______ |
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L- and D-amino acids |
Amino acids whose stereochemistry is the same as the stereochemical standards L- and D-glyceraldehyde, respectively |
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(1) polar and nonpolar nature of the side chain (2) presence of an acidic or basic group in the side chain |
Two particular important criteria of amino acids |
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Glycine |
The simplest amino acid |
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Hydrogen atom |
The side chain of the simplest amino acid, glycine, is a ________ |
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Group 1 |
Which amino acids have nonpolar side chains? |
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Hydroxylysine |
Hydroxyproline and _______ differ from the parent amino acids in that they have hydroxyl groups on their side chains; found in collagen |
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Hydroxylysine |
Hydroxyproline and _______ differ from the parent amino acids in that they have hydroxyl groups on their side chains; found in collagen |
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Tyrosine |
Thyroxine differs from _______ in that it has an extra iodine-containing aromatic group on the side chain; it is produced only in the thyroid gland |
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Proteolysis |
Thyroxine is released as a hormone by _______ of thyroglobin |
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Carboxylate — negatively Amino group — positively |
In a free amino acid, the carboxyl group and amino group of the general structure are charged at neutral pH—the _______ portion negatively and the _______ positively |
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Zwitterion |
Has equal positive and negative charges; in solution, it is electrically neutral |
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Electrophoresis |
Method for separating molecules on the basis of the ratio of charge to size (or in an electric field) |
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Isoelectric pH (pI) |
The pH at which a molecule has no net charge |
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Isoelectric point |
Isoelectric pH is also known as the _______ |
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Residues |
Portions of monomer units included in polymers after splitting out water between the linked monomers |
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Peptide bond |
An amide bond between amino acids in a protein |
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Peptides |
Molecules formed by linking two to several dozen amino acids by amide bonds |
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Polypeptide chain |
The backbone of a protein; formed by linking amino acids by peptide (amide) bonds |
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Resonance structures |
Structural formulas that differ from each other only in the position of electrons |
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Oxytocin and Vasopressin |
Two well-known examples with many structural features in common; each of these peptides contains nine (9) amino acid residues |
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Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Proline Phenylalanine Tryptophan Methionine |
Group of amino acids that has nonpolar chains consists of _______ |
GAVLIPPTM |
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(1) bond between the a-carbon and the amino nitrogen (2) bond between thr a-carbon and carboxyl carbon |
Two bonds with reasonably free rotation: |
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