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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) |
it's primary goal is to stimulate the thyroid to release hormones |
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ACTH (adrenocoticotropic hormone) |
stimulates the production of the steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex |
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FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) |
follicle maturation is stimulated by the ovaries and testes |
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LH (luteinizing hormone |
ovulation and production of testosterone |
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PRL (prolactin) |
creates lactation from the breast |
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GH (growth hormone) |
Mitosis from body cells |
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Anterior Pituitary |
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, AND GH are all released from this endocrine gland |
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ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
helps kidney cells from dehydration by retaining h2o |
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Oxytocin |
Released from the post pituitary, it targets the uterus and stimulates contractions |
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TH(thyroid hormone) |
all body cells are targeted for metabolism function by thyroid gland |
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calcitonin |
lowers blood calcium |
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PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
raises blood calcium |
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Aldosterone |
the kidney is targeted to increase blood sodium levels |
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Cortisol |
Increases blood glucose in between meals |
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androgen |
precursor to sex hormones |
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glucagon |
alpha cells of pancreas are released and target the liver to increase blood glucose |
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insulin |
beta cells of pancreas, lower blood glucose levels |
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melatonin |
from pineal gland to brain, involves day/night cycle
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estrogen |
maturation of reproductive organs, released from ovaries |
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testosterone |
maturation of male reproductive organs |
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Erythopoetin (EPO) |
the kidney targets red bone marrow to help create red blood cell formation |
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fenestrated capillaries |
neurons of hypothalamus release regulatory factors through ___________
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pituitary |
Two lobed organ that secretes nine major hormones |
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anterior, posterior |
whatre the two lobes of the pituitary |
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posterior pituitary |
receives, stores, and releases hormones from hypothalmus |
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posterior pituitary |
Uses PIP calcium second-messenger mechanism |
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anterior pituitary |
synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones |
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anterior pituitary |
all bind to membrane receptors |
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anterior pituitary |
uses cyclic AMP as a second messenger |
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nervous system |
preforms short term crisis management |
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endocrine system |
regulates long term ongoing metabolic activities of tissues and organs |
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autocrines |
chemicals that exert effects on the target cells that secrete them |
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paracrine commnication |
chemical messengers are released target cells within one tissue |
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endocrine communication |
endocrine cells releasing hormones to alter metabolic activity of target cells |
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amino acids |
protein hormones |
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steroids |
gonadal and adrenocortical hormones |
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steroids |
freely circulating or bound to transport proteins |
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alter plasma membrane permeability, stimulate protein synthesis, activate/deactivate enzyme systems, induce secretory activity, stimulate mitosis |
Hormones produce one or more of the following cellular changes in target cells |
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amino acids and steroids |
two major types of hormone structures |
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second messengers and direct gene activation |
hormones alter target cell activity by one of two mechanisms |
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Second messengers |
receptors for hormone are located in the cell membrane of the target cell |
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amino acids |
this specific hormone requires second messengers |
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direct gene activiation |
hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus |
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steroid hormone |
precise response from direct gene activation depends on the type of target cell from this hormone |
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releasing hormone, inhibiting hormone (RH) (IH) |
in the anterior lobe, these release regulatory factors through fenestrated capillaries |
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hypophyseal portal system |
all blood entering through this special vascular connection will reach the intended target cells before returning to the general circulation |
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post pituitary |
has a neural connection with the hypothalamus/ hypothalamic-hypopyseal tract |
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homeostatic feedback systems |
blood levels of hormones are controlled by this mostly negative feedback |
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Humoral, neural, hormonal stimuli |
hormones are synthesized and released in response to |
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humoral |
secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients |
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neural |
nerve fivers stimulate hormone release |
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hormonal |
relsease of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs |
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nervous system |
modifies the stimulation of endocrine glands and their negative feedback mechanisms as well as can override the normal endocrine system |
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blH |