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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurotransmitter chemical releases at the end of the nerve cells |
Acetylcholine |
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Carriers messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve) |
Afferent nerve |
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Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord |
Arachnid membrane |
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Type of global ( neuroglial) cell that transport water and alot from capillaries |
Astrocyte |
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Nerves that control involuntary body function of muscles, gland, and internal organs |
Autonomic nervous system |
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Microscopic fiber that carries the nerve impulse along a nerve cell |
Axon |
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Protective separations between the blood and the brain cells |
Blood-brain barrier |
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Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the mid brain, poms, and medulla oblongata |
Brainstem |
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Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord |
Cauda equina |
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Part of a nerve cell tuseday- contains the nucleus |
Cell body |
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The brain and the spinal cord |
Central nervous system |
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Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscles movements and maintains balance |
Cerebellum |
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Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
Cerebral cortex |
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Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord |
Cerebrospinal fluid |
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Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory |
Cerebrum |
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Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve) |
Cranial nerve |
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Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse |
Dendrite |
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Thick outer layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
Dura mater |
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Carrie's messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve |
Efferent nerve |
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Glial cell that lives membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid |
Ependymal cell |
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Correction of nerve cell biopsies in the peripheral nerves system |
Ganglion |
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Supportive and connective nerve cen that does not carry nervous impulse |
Glial cell (neyroglial cell) |
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Sherry of nerve cells that produce a round ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution |
Gyrus |
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Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here |
Medulla oblongata |
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Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
Meninges |
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Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system |
Microglial cell |
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Uppermost portion of the brain |
Midbrain |
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Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve |
Motor nerve |
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Covering of white fatty tissue that surround and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Speeds impulse conduction along axons |
Myelin sheath |
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Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses |
Nerve |
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Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system |
Neurons |
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Chemical messengers released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates our inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. |
Neurotransmitter |
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Glial creek that form the myelin sheath covering axons. |
Oligodendroglial |
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Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body function such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract |
parasympathetic |
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Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. The parenchyma of the nervous system include the neuron and nerves that carry nervous impulses. Parenchymal cells of the liver are hepatocytes, and parenchyma tissue of the kidney includes nephrons, where urine is formed. |
Parenchyma |
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Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves |
Peripheral nervous system |
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Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
Pia mater |
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Large, interlacing network of nerve |
Plexus |
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Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. It's a bridge connecting various parts of the brain |
Pons |
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Organ that receive a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors |
Receptor |
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Nerve extending from the base of the spin down the thigh, lower leg, and foot |
Sciatic nerve |
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Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve |
Sensory nerve |
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Thirty - one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
Spinal nerves |
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Agent of change (light, sound, touch, pressure, and pain) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response |
Stimulus |
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Connective and support tissue of an organ. Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain |
Stroma |
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Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure |
Sulcus |
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Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress |
Sympathetic nerves |
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Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve muscle or glandular cells. |
Synapse |
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Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are related through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum. |
Thalamus |
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Tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X); it's branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, aorta, lungs, esophagus, and stomach |
Vagus nerve |
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Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles are also found in the heart- they are the yeti lower chambers of the heart. |
Ventricles of the brain |