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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blastocyst
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(becomes you) The ball of cells develops into a hollow ball (day 6)
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trophoblast
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(becomes placenta) The blastocyst forms two layers of cells
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Epithelial tissue develops to form: three things
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Functional epithelial linings
Exocrine cells Endocrine cells |
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t/f All epithelia begin assimple epithelia thatmay later become stratified.
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true
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What does ectoderm form? (long
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1. epiderminis and nails
2. lining of mouth, and nasal and anus 3. nervous system 4. pititary glands 5. skull and teeth |
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endoderms form ________.
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mesenchyme
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all connective tissues come from _____
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mesoderm which comes from mesenchyme
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what are the three layers in development
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ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
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what does mesoderm form?
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1. dermis
2. lining of body cavity 3. muscular, skeletal 4. kidneys 5. gonads 6. connective tissue 7. endocrine portions |
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what does endoderm form?
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1. digestive
2. respiratory 3. urinary and reproductive (stem cells) 4. endocrine (thymus, thyroid gland and pancreas) |
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t/f the mesoderm develops before the endoderm
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false, both ecto and endo form first
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The skeletal system is made of 4
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Skeletal bones
Cartilage Ligaments Connective tissue to stabilize the skeleton |
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t/f bones are simple organs made up of only a few tissue types
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false; Bones are dynamic organs, which are comprised of several tissue types
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functions of skeletal system (6)
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1. support 2. storgage of minerals (calcium and phosphate) 3. bloo cell production 4. leverage (muscles pull on bones) 5. Protection 6. regulation of hormones (osteocalcin)
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outer lining fo bones is called
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periosteum
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inner lining of bones is called
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endosteum
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osteocalcin
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hormone in bone that regulates fats and sugar
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in the bone matrix calcium phosphate converts to
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hydroxyapatite crystals
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hydroxyapatite crystals function
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resist compression
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makes up 2/3 of the bone matrix
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collagen fibers
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collagen fiber function
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Contribute to the tensile strength of bones
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bone cells make up _% of the bone mass
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2%
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Osteocytes
definition function |
Mature bone cells
Maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix |
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osteoblasts
definition |
immature bone cells
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osteoblasts loction
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inner and outer surfaces of bone
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osteoblasts function
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1. produce ostoid which makes matrix
2. make new bone called osteogenesis |
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t/f osteoblasts can covert to osteocytes
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true
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Osteoprogenitor cells location and function
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Found on the inner and outer surfaces of bones
Heavily involved in the repair of bones after a break |
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Osteoclasts function and name of function
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Secrete acids, which dissolve the bones thereby causing the release of stored calcium ions and phosphate ions into the blood
This process is called osteolysis |
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Differentiate to form new osteoblasts
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osteoprogenitor cells
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is you break a bone which cell increases?
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osteoprogenitor cells
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The Osteon
is composed of five componets |
Central canal
Canaliculi Osteocytes Lacunae Lamellae |
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Two types of osseous tissue
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1. compact bone (dense bone)
2. spongy bone (trabecular) |
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where is compact bone found
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Compact is found in the region of the diaphysis
Forms the walls of bone outlining the medullary cavity |
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medullary cavity contains _______
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yellow bone marrow
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what is spongey bone?
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open network of plates (trabeculae)
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which structure within an osteon is made of concertic layers of connective tissues
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lamellae
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what is responsible for the lightweight nature of bones
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trabeculae
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what is responsible for the dense soild portion of bones
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thousands of osteons
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trabeculae formations (3)
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parallel struts
branching plates open networks |
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which bone is stronger when stess is applied to the side
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spongy due to trabeculae
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orientation: each end of the long bones
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epiphysis
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orientation: shaft of bones
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diaphysis
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oreitnation: Narrow growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
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metaphysis
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outer surface of bones
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Periosteum
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function of Periosteum
(4) |
Isolates and protects the bone from surrounding tissue
Provides a route and a place for attachment for circulatory and nervous supply Actively participates in bone growth and repair Attaches the bone to the connective tissue network of the deep fascia |
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tendons are part of the bone t/f
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true
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inner surface of bone
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endosteum
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where are osteoprogenitor cells located
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endosteum
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cartilage cells will be replace by bone cells after six weeks of development
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ossification
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bone formation
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osteogeneisis
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deposition of calcium ions into the bone tissue
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calcification
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Involved in the development of clavicle, mandible, skull, and bones of the face
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intramembranous ossification
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Involved in the development of limb bones, vertebrae, and hips
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Endochondral ossification
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six stages of intramembranous ossification
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1. Mesenchymal cells differentiate to form osteoblasts
2. Osteoblasts begin secreting a matrix 3. Osteoblasts become trapped in the matrix 4. Osteoblasts differentiate and form osteocytes 5. More osteoblasts are produced, thus move outward 6. compact bone is formed |
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two ways that endochondral ossification can occur
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Cartilage matrix grows inward
- Interstitial growth Cartilage matrix grows outward - Appositional growth |