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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What tendon that provides protection for the median nerve at the wrist is sometimes surgically removed for transplants?
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palmaris longus tendon
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All the muscles of the flexor (anterior) compartment of the forearm are innervated by the ___________ nerve except for which muscles?
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-median nerve
-ulnar nerve innervations: flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profUndus (medial half of it) |
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The muscles of the extensor (posterior) compartment of the arm and forearm are all innervated by what nerve?
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radial nerve
(has deep and superficial branches) |
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Below the elbow, injury to the radial nerve (causes/will not cause) the characteristic ___________. Above the elbow, injury to the radial nerve (causes/will not cause) the characteristic ______________.
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above elbow-- causes wrist drop
below elbow--will not cause wrist drop |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis cause...
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extension and aBduction of hand
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The radial nerve pierces the ____________ muscle and can become entrapped, causing _____________.
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supinator
(radial nerve becomes posterior interosseous after piercing supinator) wrist drop |
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What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
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-supinator
-abductor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis brevis -extensor pollicis longus -extensor indices |
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Deep to the extensor retinaculum, you will find ____________________ for the long extensor tendons of the hand.
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six osseofibrous tunnels for
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What 2 muscles form the anterior boundary of the anatomical snuffbox?
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abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
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Tenderness to the "floor" of the anatomical snuffbox indicates what?
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scaphoid fracture
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A lesion in the ulnar nerve would cause
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hyperextension of MP joint and flexion of IP joint of digits 4-5, thumb adduction is lost; claw hand
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The anterior compartment of the forearm is innervated mostly by the ____________ nerve. What muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
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-median
-ulnar: flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar half) |
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The anterior-interosseus branch of the median nerve innervates what 3 muscles?
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-flexor digitorum profundus (the other half)
-flexor pollicis longus -pronator quadratus (deep flexor muscles) |
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A lesion of the median nerve causes what kind of deformity?
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ape hand, arms out laterally, palms down, slight finger flexion
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In cubital tunnel syndrome, what nerve may become entrapped in the cubital tunnel (area between humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris)?
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ulnar nerve because it enters the forearm through the cubital tunnel
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In cubital tunnel syndrome the patient may experienced weakened wrist (flexion/extension) and (adduction/abduction), a weakened grip, tingling (paresthesia), and numbness in what part of the hand?
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weakened wrist flexion and adduction
numbness along medial side of hand and medial 1 1/2 fingers |
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Tenosynovitis refers to what condition that results in loss of range of motion and may be accompanied with edema and pain, and may irritate or compress surrounding structures?
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inflammation of a synovial sheath
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Chronic inflammation of tendon and tendon sheath may result in what?
What medical treatments may make this more likely? |
tendon rupture
antibiotic and steroid treatments |
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If inflammation results from infection, the infection may spread along the synovial sheath from where to where?
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from the little finger to the carpal tunnel at the wrist
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Entrapment of the anterior interosseous nerve (anterior interosseous syndrome) may result in what?
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results in weakened pronation w/ inability to flex the DIP joints of fingers 2 and 3 and the interphalangeal joint of the thumb
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The radial collateral ligament blends distally with what ligament?
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annular ligament of radius
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The subtendinous olecranon bursa is found
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between triceps tendon and olecranon of ulna
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The median nerve runs medial to what artery in the cubital fossa?
*median n could be in danger during blood extraction in the cubital fossa |
brachial artery
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Collateral circulation is important when elbow flexion, traumatic injury, or surgical ligation impedes blood flow where?
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through the terminal part of the brachial artery
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What determines where an artery that participates in collateral circulation around a joint can be ligated w/o risking loss of extremity due to ischemic necrosis of tissue?
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the branching point of the artery
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The proximal radioulnar joint is found encapsulated in the..
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annular ligament of the radius
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The proximal radioulnar joint is what kind of joint?
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synovial, pivot
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Loss of arterial supply to the flexor compartment of the forearm is one cause of what?
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compartment syndrome with Volkmann's ischemic contracture
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At the distal radioulnar joint, what kind of movement occurs?
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the ulnar notch of the radius rotates around the head of the ulna
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In the distal radioulnar joint, the ulna and radius are bound together by the..
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triangular ligament (a fibrocartilaginous articular disc)
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Would it be safe to ligate the brachial artery just proximal to the branching point of the profunda brachii?
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no, would cut off all collateral circulation and blood supply to distal forearm
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During pronation of the forearm, the (radius/ulna) overlies the (radius/ulna)?
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radius overlies ulna
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There are 27 bones in the hand
___ carpal ___ metacarpals ___ phalangeals |
8 carpal bones
5 metacarpals 14 phalangeals |
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most of the long forearm muscles attach distally via tendons to what hand bones (carpals, metacarpals, or phalangeals)?
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phalangeals
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What are the superfical flexors (4) of the forearm (lateral--> medial)?
which one do some ppl not have? |
pronator teres--> flexor carpi radialis-->palmaris longus--> flexor carpi longus
40-50% ppl dont have palmaris longus |
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What is the intermediate flexor of the forearm?
Branches extend to all digits except _________ |
flexor digitorum
branches extend to all fingers but thumb |
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what are the deep flexors of the forearm (3)?
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flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus |
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What is the action of the forearm flexors?
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movement of wrist, flexion of fingers, pronation
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what is the action of the forearm extensors?
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movement of wrist, extension of fingers, supination, paradoxical elbow flexion
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Which extensor muscles are involved in wrist movement (4)?
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extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris anconeus (all superficial extensors) |
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Which extensors are involved in digit extension (except thumb) (3)?
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extensor digitorum
extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi (digitorum & digiti minimi are extensors) |
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Which extensors are involved in thumb extension and abduction (3)?
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abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus (all are deep extensors) |
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What muscle of the forearm is both an extensor and a flexor?
what nerve is it supplied by? |
brachioradialis
radial nerve |
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The brachial artery divides into what 2 arteries at the cubital fossa?
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radial and ulnar artery
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the ulnar artery runs deep to what muscle?
what nerve runs medially along the ulnar artery |
flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve |
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where can a pulse from the ulnar artery be felt?
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where the ulnar artery passes lateral to the pisiform bone
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the radial artery runs deep to what muscle?
where can its pulse be felt? |
brachioradialis
pulse usually taken proximal to wrist, lateral to flexor carpi radialis |
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What nerve enters the carpal tunnel medial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon and posterior to palmaris longus tendon?
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median nerve
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what nerve emerges from the spiral tunnel and enters the cubital fossa?
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radial nerve
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The radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch runs deep to what muscle and then crosses into the snuff box?
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superficial branch deep to brachioradialis
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The deep branch of the radial nerve pierces what muscle and emerges into extensor compartment? what nerve does it become?
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pierces supinator
becomes posterior interosseous nerve |
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The ulnar nerve passes behind the humeral epicondyle (cubital tunnel) and runs deep to what muscle?
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deep to flexor carpi ulnaris
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Describe the significant structures of the proximal radius
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radial head- articulates w/ capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna
neck- radial tuberosity- attaches biceps brachii tendon |
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describe the significant structures of the proximal ulna
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olecranon-
radial notch- trochlear notch- articulates w/ trochlea of humerus coronoid process- ulnar tuberosity- attachment of brachialis muscle |
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What is the carrying angle?
what is the typical angle range? |
angle btwn long axes of humerus and ulna in the extended supinated position (ulnar angle from vertical)
btwn 5-15%, can be larger for women bc of hips |
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Transverse fracture at the distal humerus above the condyles (supracondylar fracture) may damage what nerve and artery?
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median nerve and brachial artery
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The median nerve exits the cubital fossa through the radial and ulnar heads of what muscle?
Can become entrapped |
pronator teres muscle
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A fibrous band may connect the supracondylar fossa (if present) to the medial epicondyle, creating a foramen for what nerve to pass through, leading to possible entrapment?
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median nerve
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