Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 extrinsic eye muscles
|
1) superior rectus
2) inferior rectus 3) medial rectus 4) laterla rectus 5) superior oblique 6) inferior oblique |
|
big tube out the back of eye
|
optic nerve
|
|
"tear drop" on medial side of eye that drains into nose
|
lacrimal sac
|
|
2 parts of external tunic (eye)
|
1) cornea - transparent - where light enters
2) Sclear - opaque white - goes all the way around |
|
Location of lens
|
behind pupil
|
|
4 things in middle tunic (eye)
|
1) choroid - just inside the sclera - blood vessels (brown)
2) ciliary body - continuous with the choroid but in teh front - smooth muscle to focus lens 3) iris - attaches to ciliary body 4) pupil - allows light to enter the eye |
|
3 things in inner tunic (eye)
|
1) retina - continuation of optic nerve around back of eye
2) optic disk - area where nerves join with the optic nerve 3) vitreous humor - jelly like substance in posterior part of eye (clear) |
|
3 things to know on slide of retina
|
1) nuclei of ganglion cells (very few)
2) nuclei of bipolar cells (1 to 3 rows) 3) nuclei of photoreceptors (rods and cones) - several rows closely packed together |
|
3 parts of outer (external) ear
|
1) auricle (pinna) - ear lobe
2) external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) 3) tympanic membrane - ear drum |
|
5 parts of middle ear
|
1) tympanic cavity - contains 3 ossicles
2) malleus - hammer 3) incus - anvil 4) stapes - stirrup 5) pharyngotympanic tube |
|
6 parts of inner ear
|
1) oval window - deep to stapes; superior
2) round window - inferior to stapes 3) vestibule a)utricle - sermicircular canals feed into them b) saccule - above cochlea 4) semicircular canals (anterior, posterior, laterla 5) ampulla - "flask" at the end of each semicircular canal 6) cochlea |
|
7 parts of the cochlea
|
1) scala vestibuli - continuous with the vestibule next to oval window - above vestibular membrane
2) scala tympani - ends at round window - below basilar membrane 3) cochlear duct - coiled part w/in the cochlea 4) vestibular membrane - V section between duct and vestibuli 5) organ of Corti - the part with the hairs under the roof 6) tectorial membrane - roof that folds over at the base of the duct 7) basilar membrane - the floor of the duct |
|
7 things on spinal cord model
|
1) white matter - outside of "butterfly"
2) gray matter - butterfly 3) central canal - hole in center of gray matter 4) dorsal root - nerve fibers coming out of top of butterfly 5) dorsal root ganglion - bulge just before spinal nerve 6) ventral root - nerve fibers coming out of bottom of butterfly 7) spinal nerve - formed by dorsal root and ventral root coming together |
|
ventricles
|
1) lateral ventricles - paired, horse-shoe shaped from lateral view
2) third ventricle - middle 3) cerebral aqueduct - between 3rd and 4th 4) fourth ventricle - diamond shaped (anterior view) |
|
gyrus
|
ridges between grooves in cerebrum
|
|
sulcus
|
grooves in surface of cerebrum
|
|
cerebrum
|
main part of brain
|
|
4 lobes of brain
|
frontal lobe
parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe |
|
longitudinal fissure
|
divides L & R hemispheres of the brain
|
|
9 things to know in center of brain
|
1) corpus callosum - under crebrum in middle
2) anterior commissure - "bulb" at front end of corpus callosum 3) posterior commissure - between hypothalamus and pineal 4)septum pellucidum - between corpus callosum and fornix 5) fornix - thin curved line below septum pellucidum and above thalamus 6) thalamus - center "egg" 7) hypothalamus - sits below & anteriorally of the thalamus - right above pituitary 8) infundibulum - tube that connects to pituitary 9) pituitary gland - ball that sticks down |
|
4 things on brain stem
|
1) cerebral peduncle - thick tracts of nerve fibers that connect cerebellum to brain stem - difficult to see
2) pons - above Medulla oblongata - bulges anteriorly 3) medulla oblongata - continuous with spinal cord 4) cerebellum/arbor vitae - behind brain stem - looks like leaf |
|
7 cranial nerves and 3 "accessories"
|
1) Olfactory nerve (I)
2) optic nerve (II) 3) oculomotor nerve (III) 4) Trigeminal nerve (V) 5) Abducens nerve (VI) 6) Vagus nerve (X) - just above accessory nerve 7) Accessory nerve (XI) - climbs up side of medulla 8) olfactory bulb - oval at top 9) optic chiasma - middle of X 10) optic tract - bottom of X |
|
2 things on exterior of heart
|
1) apex - point left of midline and anterior
2) base - broad posterior surface |
|
3 layers of heart wall
|
1) epicardium - outer
2) myocardium - middle 3) endocardium - inner |
|
main areas of the heart
|
1) right atrium - superior on R side of body; L when looking at it
2) right ventricle - inferior 3) left atrium - superior - makes up most of base 4) left ventricle - inferior - largest 5) right auricle - "ear" on anterior part of superior corner of R atrium 6) left auricle - "ear" - only part of L atrium visible from anterior view |
|
4 things on interior walls of heart
|
1) pectinate muscle - horizontal ridges in auricles and atria
2) trabeculae carneae - internal irregular ridges of muscle in ventricles 3) interatrial septum - wall between atria 4) interventricular septum |
|
blood vessels to and from heart
|
1) superior vena cava - vein going into R atrium
2) inferior vena cava - vein going into R atrium 3) pulmonary trunk - artery leaving R ventricle (blue) 4) pulmonary arteries - branches off the pulmonary trunk - go to lungs 5) pulmonary veins - between lungs and L atrium - on sides; 4 of them 6) aorta - exits L ventricle |
|
Valves in heart
|
Atrioventricular valves - between atria and ventricles
1) tricuspid valve - R atrium and R ventricle 2) bicuspid (mitral) valve - L atrium and L ventricle semilunar valves - between ventricles and arteries 1) pulmonary semilunar valve - R ventricle & pulmonary trunk 2) aortic semilunar valve - L ventricle and aorta |
|
2 things on interior of ventricles
|
1) chordae tendineae - thin bands from papillary muscles to flaps of tri and bicuspid valves
2) papillary muscles - cone shaped projections into ventricular cavity |
|
blood vessels that supply the heart
|
1) coronary arteries - R and L side of aorta
2) cardiac veins - from heart wall into R atrium 3) coronary sinus - widest section of vein - seen on inferior view |
|
Arteries going up
|
1) aortic arch - arch over top of the heart
* 3 branches from Aortic Arch from R to L (of heart) 2) brachiocephalic Trunk - largest branch off of aortic arch - right subclavian - under R clavicle - R common carotid - R side of neck 3) Left common carotid artery - L side of neck 4) Left Subclavian Artery - under L clavicle |
|
Arteries of the abdomen
|
1) Thoracic aorta - L of midline; from T5 to T12
2) Abdominal aorta - below diaphragm to where it branches into common iliac arteries 3) Celiac trunk - branches off abdominal anteriorly - gastric artery - superior and to left - Hepatic artery - only branch that runs to R - Splenic artery - horizontal to left, posterior to stomach 4) renal artery - goes to kidneys |
|
Arteries of hips and legs
|
1) Common iliac Artery - branches off of abdominal aorta
2) external iliac artery - big one down to leg 3) internal iliac artery - small branch to interior off of common iliac 4) femoral artery - below inguinal ligament to knee - medial side of femur 5) deep femoral artery - branches off the femoral to lateral side of femur |
|
Veins of legs and hips
|
1) great saphenous vein - medial side of thigh and leg - longest vein in body
2) femoral vein - thigh - found in femoral triangle 3) deep femoral vein - lateral side of femur 4) external iliac vein - larger branch feeding into common iliac 5) internal iliac vein - medial branch feeding into common iliac |
|
veins of abdomen
|
1) inferior vena cava - from union of common iliac veins to R atrium
2) renal vein - from kidneys to inferior vena cava 3) hepatic vein - from liver (on R) to superior part of inferior vena cava |
|
Veins above heart
|
1) Superior Vena Cava - union of R & L brachiocephalic veins to R atrium
2) external jugular vein - surface of skull through neck on surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle - to brachiocephalic 3) internal jugular vein - deep to sternocleidomastoid (bigger) - to interior of skull - to brachiocephalic 4) subclavian - under clavicle from each earm to brachiocephalic 5) brachiocephalic - R and L branch into superior vena cava |