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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gross Anatomy
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study of the body that is visible, no microscope
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Microscopic anatomy
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anatomy that can only be seen with a microscope
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Histology
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microscopic study of tissue
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Cytology
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microscopic study of cells
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Systemic Anatomy
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study of different organ systems of the body
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Developmental Anatomy
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study of growth and changes of the body, embryology
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Neuroanatomy
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study of the nervous system and special senses of the body
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Radiological Anatomy
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the use of x-rays and other images to study the body
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Pathological Anatomy
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study of abnormalities in the body
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Cells
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basic structural unit of a living organism
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Tissue
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a group of similar cells united in performing a specific function
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Organs
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a group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function
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System
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consists of more than on organ that work together to performa certain function
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Organism
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a group of systems that work together to sustain life in a living organism
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integumentary system
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skin and structures that protect the body from the external environment
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Skeletal system
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bone, cartilage, and joints
used for support, protection, and blood cell production |
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Muscular System
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all the muscles of the body, used primarily for movement
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Cardiovascular System
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heart, blood, can all vessels used to carry oxygen and nutrients to cells.
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Lymphatic System
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contains lymph nodes and glands.
returns filtrate back to blood. acts as a filter |
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Nervous System
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brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
responsible for all body activity |
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Endocrine System
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regulates body activity chemically
(communication) |
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Reproductive system
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organs and structures responsible for producing sex cells
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Respiratory system
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lungs and associated pathways, supple oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from blood.
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Digestive system
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digests and absorbs food.
eliminates waste |
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Urinary System
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organs and passageways that eliminate waste from the body
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Superior (cranial)
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toward the head
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inferior (caudal)
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toward the tail; away from the head
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Anterior (ventral)
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toward the front (human)
belly side (animal) |
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Posterior (dorsal)
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toward the back of the body
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Medial
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closer to the midline of the body
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lateral
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farther away from the midline
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Proximal
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area closest to the attachment to the trunk of the body
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Distal
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area farther from the attachment to the trunk of the body
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Superficial
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toward the outer surface of the body
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Deep
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farther away from the surface of the body
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Sagittal
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line that divides the body in left and right but not through the center
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Midsagittal
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medial line that runs down the center dividing the body into left and right
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Frontal (coronal)
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line that divides the body into front and back pieces
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Transverse (horizontal)
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cross section of the body
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Dorsal Cavity
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cavity located at the back of the body;
two subdivisions are cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord) |
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Ventral Cavity
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cavity located at the front of the body;
two subdivisions are I. Thoracic (above diaphragm) which includes Pleural (around the lungs) and pericardial (around the heart). II. Abdominopelvic (Abdominal- stomach, liver, digestive organs, most of the intestine. Pelvic- bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, reproductive organs) |
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Composition of a cell
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Cell membrane
Cytoplasm Organelles |
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Cell Membrane
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barrier between cell and outside environment;
selectively allows thing in and out of cell |
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Cytoplasm
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liquid-like substance that allows for transportation inside the cell.
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Organelles
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individually perform certain functions within the cell (nucleus, Golgi apparatus, etc)
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Cell Membrane Composition
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Protein-transport
Phospholipids-major component Carbohydrates-identifies cell Cholesterol-increases strength of membrane |
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Semi-permeability
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only allows certain substances to pass through the cell membrane (selectively permeable)
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Permeable
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allows all substances to pass through membrane
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Simple Diffusion
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movement of molecules or ions (solutes) through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
(passive transport) |
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Facilitated Diffusion
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molecule combines with a carrier protein in the cell membrane. higher to lower concentration
(passive transport) |
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Osmosis
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movement of water from higher to lower concentration through a cell membrane
(passive transport) |
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Osmotic pressure
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force by which water moves through a membrane
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Hypertonic solution
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solution with a higher concentration of solute
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Hypotonic
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solution with a lower concentration of solute
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Isotonic
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concentration in two different solutions is equal
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Filtration
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movement of material through a membrane due to pressure. (hydrostatic pressure)
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Active Transport
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substances are transported from lower to higher concentration; requires ATP
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Endocytosis
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taking large objects into the cell
I. Pinocytosis-cell takes in LIQUID material II. Phagocytosis-cell takes in SOLID material |
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Exocytosis
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substances are pushed out of the cell
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