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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
midsagittal (median) plane
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divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves
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flexion
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movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body forward from the anatomical position
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extension
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movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body backward from the anatomical position
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frontal (coronal) plane
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any vertical plane perpendicular to the the median plane, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
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adduction
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movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body toward the median plane
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abduction
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movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body away from median plane
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lateral flexion (side-bending)
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for the trunk or neck, movement in the frontal plane away from the median plane
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transverse (horizontal) plane
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divides the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) parts
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lateral rotation
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movement in a transverse plane that takes a part of the body outward
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medial rotation
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movement in a transverse plane that takes a part of the body inward
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proximal
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closer to the trunk or to some major point
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distal
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further from the trunk or to some major point
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diaphysis
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central shaft of a bone
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epiphyses
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two ends of a bone
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periosteum
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membrane on the external surface of the bone
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diarthroses (synovial) joints
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freely movable joints
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joint capsule
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sleevelike structure that encloses the joint, prevents loss of fluid, and binds together the ends of the articulating bones
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striated (voluntary) muscles
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skeletal muscles that attach to bones
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smooth muscle
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controls movement of the intestines, blood vessels, glands, etc.
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origin
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bone to which muscle is attached that is fixed in some way
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insertion
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bone to which muscle is attached that moves as a result of muscle contraction
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rectus abdominus
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muscle that flexes the trunk
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external obliques
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muscles that produce anterior flexion, side-bending, or rotation of the trunk
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rectus femoris
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muscle that crosses the hip and knee joints and acts as a flexor of the hip and an extensor of the knee
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agonist
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in a given motion, the muscle that produces the motion
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antagonist
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in a given motion, the muscle that produces the opposite movement
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isotonic contraction
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when a muscle shortens in length and its origin and insertion are drawn together, e.g., lifting a book
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isometric contraction
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when a muscle’s length stays the same but the force changes
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