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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lesion at the premotor neuron to the lower motor neuron so whne asked to smile she cant BUT if told a funny joke she smiles due to the effects of the medial emotional systems
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2 types of motor Systems
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emotional aspects built into the motor systems (e.g aggressive walk or smooth...)
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How do conscious & unconscious perceptions produce visceral & skeletomotor & cognitive response?
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How do Visceral sensations & perception interact?
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patterned (sterotypical) behaviour
- prepares for required behaviour: HR, gut motility, sweating... - COMMUNICATES emotion; skeletomotor, facial expression, body postural... |
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How do neural circuits of emotion give rise to conscious perception?
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Concious perception results from
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1. sensory input
2. visceral input 3. prior learning |
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The limbic system
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Anatomy of the limbic System
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Hypothalamus: major controller of ANS
Amygdala: fear & loathing, influences memory Thalamus: sensory relay, attention, memory Cortex: getting attention, assessing significance, suppressing or activating behaviour - anterior cingulate - orbital prefrontal - central prefrontal - insula cortex |
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Hypothalamus
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- coordinates peripheral motor expression
eg; BP, temp, energy, reproduction INPUTS: - BRF, visceral sensation, retina, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, cortex RESPONSE: - ant & post pituitary, thalamus, amygdala, ANS control centres RSS and PAG RSS: reticulospinal system; motor coordinates stereotypic defencive reactions, reflexes eg startle PAG: mediates motor behaviour, with inputs also from amygdala and visceral centres |
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Amygdala
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- integrates and mediates between sensory inputs, hypothalamus & cognitive centres (cortex)
- several nuclei - 3 basolateral groups - corticomedial - central |
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Amygdala INS and OUTS
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INS:
- massive sensory: thalamus and cortex and DIRECT olfactory (MAGNIFIES sensory stimuli) - visceral sensory: central nucleus of hypothalamus, PAG and parabrachial n. (MAGNIFIES) - cortical: OF, AC, Insula = hippocoampus: links emotion related aspects of memory OUTPUTS: UP: to limbic cortex; influences emotional perception, sensory heighten attention DOWN: (hypothalamus, BS ANS centres, PAG, striatum) motor plans, habits, motivation |
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Amygdalar groups
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Amygdalar Lesion
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Central n. amygdala outputs
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Bilateral Amygdalar Lesions
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Amygdala and recognition of emotional signals
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- amydala INC. activation with fear/anger in others (reading facial expressions)
- sympathetic activation: (eg amphetamines) INC. emotional salience to facial expression (scarier) |
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Facial Scanning
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Limbic Cortex anatomy
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- OF: eyeball depressions
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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ventral: affective
dorsal: cognitive - connections between Amg, PAG, ANS regions BR, An. Thalamic VISCERAL PREMOTOR region: activates vicers (GI, HR) - Activated during emotional charged tasks (happy, sad..) - Empathy? reposnds to visions of pain in others - Cognitive area: active during attention demanding tasks & error monitoring - excessive activity: depression.. or can be dec. BUT JUST REMEMBER THAT CHANGE IN ACTIVITY FOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS - lesions: reduced self awareness, motor and cogn. flatness, muteness, reduced appreciation of pain, no emotional response to emotive stimuli |
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Romantic Love
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ACC activated in deep romantic love (also activated in depression...lol)
INC. insula activity |
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Insular Cortex
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taste and emotion
- disgust and contempt FN: visceral sens., taste, pain OUTPUT: Amg, lateral hypothalamus Also the touchy feely cortex: respond to pleasant touch and imagining romantic and maternal love |
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Insular Lesion
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- Impair recognition of disgust in facial expression and in ability to experience disgust
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Orbital prefrontal cortex
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- decision making relative to emotional state
- ice pick surgeries preformed here - decision making relative to social situation - processes aversive emotions - recognition of emotion from voice and facial expression - INC. activity OFC in facial expression of fear/anger |
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Damage to Orbitofrontal areas
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- impaired decision making abilities (requiring feedback form social or emotional cues)
- lack of ability to evaluate social context and to determine if the action is appropriate (eg gambling) - utlization behviour: pick up objects and use even if asked not to - abnormal imitative behavior - can lack ability to monitor and control aggressive impulse and risk taking - frontotemporal dementia - PHINEAS GAGE |
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Ventral Prefrontal Cortex
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INC. activity; happy
DEC. activity: sad Lesions: Left = depressed right = mania (rare) Orbio and ventral prefrontal cortex: impulse inhibitors, active when trying to control emotions |