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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three different types of muscle tissue?
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Skeletal Muscle, Smooth and Cardiac muscle tissue
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How are skeletal muscles controlled?
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Voluntary (Striated)
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Where are skeletal muscles located?
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Attached to bone of skeleton
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What is the function of Skeletal muscles
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movement of limbs, trunk, neck
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How are smooth muscles controlled
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Involuntary (unstriated)
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Where are Smooth Muscles located
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Lining of digestive tract, urogenital system, airway, blood vessels
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What are the functions of the smooth muscles?
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Contraction(intrinsic)
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How are Cardiac Muscles controlled?
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Involuntary(striated)
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Where are Cardiac muscles located
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The Heart
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what are the functions of cardiac muscles?
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Contracts intrinsically assisting in cirulation of blood
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Features of the Skeletal muscles?
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Move bones, generate heat,
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How many Nuclei do skeletal muscles have?
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Multiple
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Are striations present in skeletal muscles
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yes
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How are the skeletal muscles cells shaped
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long, thin fibers,
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Is the nerve supply necessary for function
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yes
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Where are Smooth Muscles located
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Lining of digestive tract, urogenital system, airway, blood vessels
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What are the functions of the smooth muscles?
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Contraction(intrinsic)
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How are Cardiac Muscles controlled?
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Involuntary(striated)
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Where are Cardiac muscles located
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The Heart
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what are the functions of cardiac muscles?
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Contracts intrinsically assisting in cirulation of blood
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Are skeletal muscles muscles controlled my voluntary or involuntary movements.
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Voluntary
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where are Cardiac muscles located?
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in the heart
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what action does the cardiac muscle serve
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pump blood
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how many nuclei do cardiac muscles have?
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single only one
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Are striations present in cardiac muscles?
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yes
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how are cardiac muscle cells shaped?
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branched
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how does the nerve supply affect cardiac muscles
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modifies activity, not necessary for function
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Are cardiac muscles controled by voluntary or involuntary movements
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Involuntary
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Location of smooth muscles
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Internal organs, blood vessels, eye.
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action of smooth muscle
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to produce movement in internal organs and structures.
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How many nuclei are located in smooth muscle cells
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single
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how are smooth muscle cells shaped?
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spindle
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What function does the nerve supply have on smooth muscles
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Visceral- modifies activity, not necessary for function
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Is smooth muscle controlled by voluntary or involuntary movements
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Involuntary
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Purpose of Contraction/relaxation in smooth muscles
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Mix and propel food in GIT, control distribution of blood(bl. vessels), Diameter of pupil(eye)
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Purpose of contraction/relaxation in skeletal muscles
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locomotion and respiration
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What is the skeletal muscle organization.
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they are arranged in bundles surrounded by connective tissue
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what are the different parts of the Skeletal muscle bundles?
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Endomysium; CT between individual muscle fibers, Perimysium; sheath surrounding bundles of muscle fibers, Epimysium; CT around and entire muscle
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Arrangement of muscle fibers
Parallel-Fusiform-Pennate |
muscle shortening but weak, fusiform spidle
feather-like, increase power of a muscle |
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Tendons are..
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cords/bands, Flat fibrous sheets(aponeurosis) assoc. w/ flat muscle (eg Loin), Linea alba
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Muscle attachments the origin of a tendon
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is less mobile attachment
(fixed) |
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Tendons the insertion
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more moveable attachment Eg Biceps Branchii(scapula & Radius)
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Physical characteristic Nomenclature
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Action (Superficial digital Flexor)
shape (trapezoid), Location(biceps branchill) Direction of fibers(rectusabdominis) number of heads.divisions( biceps/triceps/quadriceps attachment sites |
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Functional grouping
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Flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor, sphincter, cutaneous
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Example of flexor
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biceps brachii flexes the elbow
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Example of extensor
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Triceps branchii
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Example of adductor
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Superficial/ deep pectoral
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Example of abductor
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deltoid
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Example of Sphincter
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encircle an opening (striated/ smooth) Eg pyloric sphincter
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Example of Cutaneous
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superficial fascia, movement of skin
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Agonist
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muscle directly responsible for producing an action
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Antagonist
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muscle that opposes an action
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synergism
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muscle that oppose undersired action of agonist eg the elbow flexion.
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Muscles of the head
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M.orbicularis oculi, M. Zygomaticus, M. Buccinator, M orbicularis oris, M. Masseter
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What muscles act on the Shoulder girdle
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Trapezius, Rhomboideus, serratus ventralis, Extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors,
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Trapezius
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swing scapula forward
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Rhomboideus
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brings scapula together
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Serratus ventralis
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sling supporting trunk.
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extensors
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Brachiocephalicus head to arm
-supraspinatus |
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Flexors
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Latissimus dorsi
-infraspinatus |
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Adductors
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pectoralis
subscapularis |
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Abductors
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Deltoideus
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Acting on Elbow joint
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Extensors, Flexors,
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Elbow joint extensors
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Triceps
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Elbow joint Flexors
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biceps brachii
Branchialis |
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Acting on hip joint
Extensors |
Hamstring
-Bicep femoris -Semitendinosus -semimembranosus |
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Acting on the Hip Joint
Flexors |
iliopsoas
quadriceps |
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Acting on the hip
abductors |
deep gluteal (gluteus profundus)
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Acting on the hip joint
Adductors |
Gracillis
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acting on the stifle joint
extensors |
Quadriceps
-rectus femoris-vastus medialis -Vastus lateralis- vastus intermedius |
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Acting on stifle joint
Flexors |
Hamstring- gastrocnemius
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Acting on the hock joint
Extensors |
Gastrocnemius, soleus
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Acting on the hock joint
flexors |
tibialis
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Mastication
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Masseter
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Trunk
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Latissimus dorsi
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abdominal
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external abdominal oblique
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respiration
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diaphragm, intercostals
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Methods of drug administration
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Im or intra muscular injection
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Muscle for IM injection
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Fairly large, easily accessible, sufficiently thick. In Practice, only a few muscle are suitable in each species
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Dogs and cats
Pelvic limb |
gluteal muscle, quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius, hamstring gp (biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus.
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Dog and cats
Thoracic limb |
Triceps branchii
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Horse, cattle, and goats
Pelvic limb |
Gluteal muscle, hamstring
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Horse, cattle, and goats
Thoracic limb |
Triceps branchii
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Horse, cattle and goats
Neck |
Trapezius muscle
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Define osmosis
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Is the movement of water between cells, it uses the cell protein aqamorus channels to do the exchange.
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an example of suture joints in the skeleton is
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Skull
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synovial joints have a well-define joint capsule True or False
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True
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Hyperextension of fetlock joint is a normal physiologi movement in the horse t/f
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true
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tendon can be difined as ______
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connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
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Name two joint of the forelimb and the bones that make it
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Elbow joint humerus , radius/ulna
Scuplo-humeral scupla and humerus. |