Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The kidney is referred to as an excretory organ because it excretes _______ wastes.
|
Nitrogenous |
|
The kidney is also a major homeostatic organ because it maintains the electrolyte, ______ and ______ balance of the blood.
|
*pH |
|
Urine is continuously formed by the ________ and is routed down the ________ by the mechanism of ________ to a storage organ called the _________. |
*ureters *panstalsis *bladder |
|
Eventually, the urine is conducted to the body _______ by the urethra. |
exterior |
|
In the male, the urethra is _______ long and tansports both urine and ________? |
*sperm |
|
The female urethra is _________ long and transports only urine? |
4 centimeters |
|
Voiding or emptying the bladder is called ________. |
Micturation |
|
Voiding has both voluntary and involuntary components. The voluntary sphincter is the ________ sphincter. An inability to control this sphincter I referred to as ________? |
*Incontinence |
|
What is the function of the fat cushion that surrounds the kidneys in life? |
Perirenal fat capsules anchor the kidneys to the dorsal body wall in a retroperitoneal position and cushions it against blows. |
|
Kidneys are less securely anchored and drop to a more inferior position called?
|
ptosis |
|
Why is incontinence a normal phenomenon in the child under 1.5 to 2 years old? |
because they have not gained muscle control over their external sphincter yet. |
|
What events may lead to its incontinence in the adult. |
Spinal cord injury, emotional problems, bladder irritability, or some other pathology of the urinary tract. |
|
Smooth membrane, tightly adherent to the kidney surface.
|
Fibrous capsule |
|
Portion of the kidney containing mostly collecting ducts. |
Medulla |
|
Portion of the kidney containing the bulk of the nephron structures. |
cortex |
|
superficial region of kidney tissue
|
cortex |
|
basinlike area of the kidney, continuous with the ureter. |
renal pelvis |
|
a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid
|
minor calyx |
|
area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids |
renal column |
|
site of filtrate formation
|
glomerulus |
|
primary site of tubular reabsorption |
proximal convulated tubule |
|
structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis |
distal convulated tubule |
|
blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells |
peritubular capillaries |
|
its inner (visceral) membrane forms part of the filtration membrane |
glomerular capsule |
|
A drop of blood enters the kidney via the renal artery and leaves through the ______ _____? |
renal vein. |
|
Region of nephron that plays an important role in forming concentrated urine. |
Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
|
What substance is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine? |
Urochrome |
|
Name 3 constituents that might be present if a urinary tract infection exists. |
*RBC's *CASTS |
|
How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?
|
Alkaline |
|
How does starvation influence urine pH? |
Acid |
|
Presence of erythrocytes in the urine |
hematuria |
|
Presence of hemoglobin in the urine |
hemoglobinuria |
|
presence of glucose in the urine |
glycosuria |
|
presence of albumin in the urine |
albuminuria |
|
presence of ketone bodies (acetone and others) in the urine |
ketonuria |
|
presence of pus (white blood cells) in the urine |
pyuria |
|
what are renal calculi, and what conditions favor their formation? |
Kidney stones; urinary retention, urinary tract infection, and alkaline urine |
|
Low specific gravity causes what? |
Diabetes Insipidus |
|
High specific gravity causes what? |
Kidney stones, Diabetes mellitus, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea |
|
Glucose causes |
Diabetes mellitus; eating a 5lb box of sweets for lunch. |
|
albumin causes |
glomerulonephritis; pregnancy exertion. |
|
Blood cells cause what?
|
kidney stones; cystis |
|
hemoglobin causes what? |
hemolytic anemias |
|
Bilirubin causes what?
|
hepatitis; cirrhosis of liver |
|
ketone bodies cause what? |
Diabetes mellitus; starvation |
|
casts cause what? |
glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis |
|
pus causes what? |
Pyelonephritis; gonorrhea; cystis |