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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A bond in which atoms share electrons is known as what type of bond?
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Covalent
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The smallest particles of an element that maintain all of the characteristics of that element and enter into chemical reactions are known as:
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Atoms
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_____ is referred to as the universal solvent.
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Water
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_____ consist of a single ring of six atoms. They include thymine, cytosine, and uracil.
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Pyrimidines
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The study of elements, their compounds, and the reactions that occur between them is known as:
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Chemistry
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The ____ structure of a protein is determined by its amino acid sequence.
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primary
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The movement of fluid and solutions through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area od low concentration is known as:
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Osmosis
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The movement of molecules through a medium from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecules is known as:
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Diffusion
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The most abundant substance in living cells is:
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Water
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The combination of the atoms of two or more elements is known as a(n):
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Compound
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A pH change of 1 mean a __-fold change in concentration of Hydrogen ions
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10
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An atom consists of a nucleus containing?
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positively charged protons and neutral neutrons
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_____ have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom in levels at some distance from the compact heavy nucleus.
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Electrons
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A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons & electrons is called:
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an Element
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A combination of the atoms of 2 or more elements:
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compound
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'a different kind of atom of the same element where the number of neutrons in the nucleus varies
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Isotope
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The element found in all living matter.
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Carbon
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Table of the elements arranging them in categories with similar properties
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Periodic Table
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______combine chemically with one another to form bonds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
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Atoms
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A bond formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom in the bond loses electrons.
-these molecules disassociate when placed in water. |
Ionic bond
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Mineral Salts form these bonds:
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Ionic
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A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
-these bonds do not disassociate when placed in water. |
Covalent bond
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Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen form this type of bond:
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Covalent
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A weak bond; they help hold water molecules together and bind other molecules into 3 dimensional shapes:
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Hydrogen bond
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Molecules furnishing electrons during a chemical reaction are called:
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electron donors
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Molecules that gain electrons are called:
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electron acceptors
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Bonds contain energy.
It is the ______ that contain the energy of a chemical bond. |
electrons
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A special molecule that accepts electrons for a short period of time and uses the energy of the electrons to make ATP molecules is called:
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electron carrier
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60-80% of a cell is ____
A slightly polar molecule. Ionically bonded molecules disassociate when placed in it: |
Water
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Water's important role in cells:
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-serves as a medium/solvent for other reactions to occur
-basis for transportation of materials -absorbs and releases heat -maintains body temp -it protects -base for all body lubricants |
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TYPE OF BOND:
Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon |
-single H-H
-two O=O -three N///N -four O=C=O |
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C6H12O6
*-ose -ase |
glucose
-sugar -enzyme to process it |
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REACTANTS are:
PRODUCT is: |
-atoms, ions, or molecules
-formed at the end of the chemical reaction. |
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A pH scale:
less than 7 7 greater than 7 |
-indicates concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
-Acid -Neutral -Base/Alkaline |
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MONOsaccharides
DIsaccharides POLYsaccharides |
-glucose, fructose
-sucrose, lactose -glycogen, cellulose |
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This monosaccharide is stored as glycogen in the liver:
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glucose
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Only -saccharide that can be absorbed:
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monosaccharide
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CATION:
ANION: |
(+) ex. Na+ K+
(-) ex. cl- |
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Table Salt:
Table Sugar: Fruit Sugar: Sugar in the body: |
-sodium chloride NaCl
-sucrose C6H12O6 -fructose -glucose |
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The high energy molecule that is the fuel that allows cells to function and maintain themselves.
These molecules consist of a ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups. |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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