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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- consists of the clavicle and the scapula.
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Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
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- is the most frequently broken bone in the body. It articulates with the sternum and scapula.
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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- process that articulates with the clavicle.
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Scapula (shoulder blade): Acromion
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- articulates with the head of the humerus.
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Scapula (shoulder blade): Glenoid cavity
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- are where most of the forearm muscles attach to the humerus.
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Humerus: Medial and lateral epicondyles
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- posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended.
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Humerus: Olecranon fossa
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- anterior depression that receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.
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Humerus: Radial fossa
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- anterior depression which receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.
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Humerus: Coronoid fossa
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- serves as a point of attachment for the biceps brachii muscle.
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Radius (is lateral to the ulna): Radial tuberosity
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- connects the radius to the ulna.
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Radius (is lateral to the ulna): Interosseous membrane
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- forms the prominence of the elbow.
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Ulna: Olecranon
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- is the most frequently fractured single bone of the carpal bones.
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Scaphoid (navicular)
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- is formed by the pisiform, the hamate, the scaphoid, and the trapezium bones and the flexor retinaculum.
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Carpal tunnel
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- consists only of the two coxal bones.
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Pelvic girdle
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Each coxal bone is a fusion of 3 bones
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Ilium, ischium, pubis
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is superior portion of the coxal bones
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Ilium
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is inferior and posterior portion of the coxal bone
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ischium
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inferior and anterior portion of the coxal bone
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pubis
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- is the part of the coxal bone that you sit on.
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Ischial tuberosity
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- is the fossa that articulates with the head of the femur.
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Acetabulum
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- a plane that extends from the sacral promontory (posterior) to the pubic symphysis.
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Pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
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- is the combined pubic symphysis, coxal, & sacrum bones.
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Bony pelvis
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- is the part superior to the pelvic brim. It does not normally contain pelvic organs.
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Greater (false) Pelvis
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- is the part inferior to the pelvic brim. It is a narrow passageway for the fetus at birth.
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Lesser (true) pelvis
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- the inferior opening of the lesser pelvis
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pelvic outlet
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- measurement of the pelvic inlet and outlet. Commonly used in obstetrics to determine if fetus can pass through.
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Pelvimetry
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- is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone of the body.
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Femur (thighbone)
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-is the narrow region near the head.
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Femur : Neck
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- serves as a point of attacment for thigh and buttock muscle tendons. It is used to locate site for intramuscular injections into thigh laterally.
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Femur : Greater trochanter
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-Protects the knee joint. -Increases leverage of the quadriceps femoris muscle’s tendon. -Maintains the tendon’s position in a bent knee.
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Patella (kneecap):
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- patella tracks somewhat laterally causing pain around or under the patella.
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Patellofemoral stress syndrome (“runner’s knee”)
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- is the larger, more medial, bone of the lower leg.
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Tibia (shinbone)
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- on the anterior surface and serves as a point of attachment for the patellar ligaments.
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Tibial tuberosity
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- articulates with the talus and forms the ankle prominence on the medial side.
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Tibia : Medial malleolus
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-thinner and more lateral bone of the lower leg. It is a common source of bone for bone grafting.
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Fibula
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- articulates with the talus and forms the ankle prominence on the lateral side.
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Fibula : Lateral malleolus
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- connects the fibula to the tibia.
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Interosseous membrane
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- is the only foot bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Also during walking, it initially bears the entire body’s weight, and then transmits half of that to the calcaneus.
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Talus
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- is thicker than other metatarsals because it bears more weight
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First metatarsal
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-Arches help the foot support the body’s weight.
-Help distribute body’s weight over the foot. -Help provide leverage while walking. |
Describe the importance of the arches of the foot.
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Logngitudinal arch – transverse arch
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Structural features (are two arches):
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- consists of tarsal and metatarsal bones that form an arch from the anterior to the posterior of the foot. It has a lateral (to the side) and medial (to the middle) part.
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Longitudinal arch
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- consists of some of the tarsal bones and the bases of metatarsals. It forms an arch from one side of the foot to the other (right to left).
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Transverse arch
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- usually are breaks in the head, neck, or trochanteric regions of the femur; or the acetabulum of the coxal bone.
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Describe hip fractures
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- are especially due to osteoporosis and increased tendency of the elderly to fall.
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Causes of hip fractures
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Describe the development of the skeletal system and the limb buds.
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-Bone develops from mesoderm tissue.
-Vertebrae develop from masses of tissue called somites. -What will become the arms & hands develop first from upper limb buds. -These then develop hand plates. -Legs & feet develop in a similar way from lower limb buds & foot plates. |
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Male Pelvis
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False Pelvis: deep
Pelvic Brim: heart shaped Pubic Arch: < 90 deg angle Ilium: more vertical Acetabulum: large and faces more laterally Obturator Foramen: round Pelvic Outlet: narrow |
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Female Pelvis
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False Pelvis: shallow
Pelvic Brim: larger and oval Pubic Arch: > 90 deg angle Ilium: less vertical Acetabulum: small and faces more anterior Obturator Foramen: oval Pelvic Outlet: wide |
