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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
COMPOUND |
2 OR MORE ELEMENTS COMBINED IN A FIXED RATIO. |
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MOLECULE |
THE SMALLEST PORTION OF A COMPOUND. |
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ATOMIC NUMBER |
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS OR ELECTRONS OF A GIVEN ELEMENT/ATOM. |
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ISOTOPE |
ELEMENTS/ATOM WITH IDENTICAL NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS. |
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VALENCE SHELL |
OUTTER MOST ELECTRON SHELL. |
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NOBLE/INERT GASES |
ELEMENTS WITH MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTER SHELL. |
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COVALENT BONDS |
CHEMICAL BONDS FORMED BY THE SHARING OF THE VALENCE ELECTRONS. THEY FORM THE STRONGEST OF CHEMICAL BONDS, ESPECIALLY WATER, AS THEY CAUSE COMPOUNDS BOUND BY OTHER MEANS TO DISASSOCIATE. AKA SOLVENTS. |
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IONIC BONDS |
BONDS IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE DONATED. |
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CATION |
WHEN AN ELEMENT DONATES AN ELECTRON IN AN IONIC BOND. |
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ANION |
WHEN AN ELEMENT ACCEPTS AN ELECTRON IN AN IONIC BOND. |
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ION |
IS EITHER A CATION OR ANION. |
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ELECTOLYTE |
AN ELECTRICALLY ACTIVE ION. |
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OXIDATION |
PROCESS BY WHICH AN ATOM DONATES ELECTRON. |
CATION |
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REDUCTION |
PROCESS BY WHICH AN ATOM ACCEPTS AN ELECTRON. |
ANION |
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SALTS |
ARE IONIC COMPOUNDS, WHICH WILL DISASSOCIATE IN WATER TO FORM ACIDS AND BASES. |
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ACIDS |
SUBSTANCES WHICH DISASSOCIATE IN WATER RELEASING H+ (PROTON) |
PROTON DONOR |
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BASE |
SUBSTANCES WHICH DISASSOCIATE IN WATER RELEASING OH-. |
PROTON ACCEPTORS (ANIONS) |
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ALKALINE |
BASE |
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pH |
POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN WHERE 7 IS NEUTRAL AND LOWER THAN 7 IS ACIDIC WHILE GREATER THAN 7 IS BASIC/ALKALINE. |
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PHYSIOLOGIC ACIDOSIS |
BLOOD pH RANGES FROM 7.35 - 7.45. BLOOD LOWER THAN pH 7.35 IS ACIDIC. |
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HYDROGEN BONDS |
BONDS BETWEEN HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN OR SOME OTHER NEGATIVELY CHARGED ANION. EASIEST BONDS TO BREAK. |
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CARBON BASED COMPOUNDS |
CARBON HAS 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS ALLOWING IT TO FORM 1X - 4X BONDS, CHAINS, BRANCHES, RINGS ALLOWING IT TO FORM COMPLEX COMPOUNDS. |
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ISOMERS |
COMPOUNDS WHICH POSSES IDENTICAL FORMULAS BUT WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS. |
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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS |
PROCESS BY WHICH SMALLER COMPOUNDS/MONOMERS ARE SYNTHESIZED INTO COMPLEX COMPOUNDS/POLYMERS BY THE REMOVAL OF WATER MOLECULES. |
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ANABOLISM |
WHEN DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS IS USED TO MAKE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS/TISSUES. |
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HYDROLYSIS |
THE DISSOCIATION OF COMPLEX POLYMERS INTO MONOMERS BY THE ADDITION OF WATER. |
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CATABOLISM |
WHEN HYDROLYSIS IS USED TO BREAK UP ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. |
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4 MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACID |
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CARBOHYDRATE |
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OCCURRING IN FOODS AND LIVING TISSUE WHICH INCLUDE SUGAR, STARCH, & CELLULOSE. THEY CONTAIN HYDROGEN & OXYGEN IN THE SAME RATIO AS WATER & CAN BE BROKEN DOWN TO RELEASE ENERGY. |
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GLYCOSIDIC BOND |
A SUGAR MOLECULE LINKED TO ANOTHER MOLECULE VIA AN ETHER GROUP OF C20. |
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CLASSES OF CARBOHYDRATES aka energy pathways. |
MONOSACCHARIDES DISACCAHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES |
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MONOSACCHARIDES |
GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE DEOXYRIBOSE RIBOSE |
5 SIMPLE SUGARS |
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DISACCAHARIDES |
SUCROSE LACTOSE MALTOSE |
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POLYSACCHARIDES |
STARCH - alphaGLUCOSE GLYCOGEN - alphaGLUCOSE CELLULOSE - betaGLUCOSE (non digestible) |
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LIPIDS create hormones |
ANY CLASS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT ARE FATTY ACIDS OR DERIVATIVES OF ARE INSOLUABLE IN BUT SOLUABLE IN ORGANIC SLOVENTS.
NEUTRAL FATS PHOSPHOLIPIDS CHOLESTEROL |
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GLYCERIDE |
THE ALKALINE/COMPUND STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED WHEN AT LEAST ONE HYDROGEN IS REMOVED FROM THE ACIDIC MOLECULE(S). MONO, DI, & TRI - GLYCERIDES |
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SATURATED FATS |
NO DOUBLE CARBON BONDS & ROOM TEMP SOLID |
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TRANS FATS |
ARTIFICIALLY HYDROGENATED FATS ROOM TEMP SOLID. |
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UNSATURATED/POLYUNSATURATED FATS |
2+ DOUBLE BONDS & ROOM TEMP OIL |
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS |
MAKE UP CELL MEMBRANES WITH DUAL SIDES TO ATTRACT AND REPEL WATER |
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CHOLESTEROL |
PRODUCE STEROIDS |
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PROTEINS |
AMINO ACIDS PEPTIDE BONDS ROOT AMONIA NH3, REPLACING H FOR C[carbon]. ENZYMES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, CONTRACTILE PROTEINS. SUFFIX "INE"
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AMINO ACID |
SIMPLE ORGANIC COMPOUND CONTAINING CARBOXYL AND AMINES |
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PEPTIDE BOND |
CHEMICAL BOND FORMED BETWEEN CARBOXYL AND AMINE AND PERFORM DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. |
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ENZYME |
ORGANIC CATALYST WHICH REDUCE ACTIVATION ENERGY |
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ENDERGONIC REACTIONS |
REACTIONS WHICH REQUIRE AND STORE ENERGY [ANABOLISM, DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS,] |
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EXERGENIC REACTIONS |
REACTIONS THAT RELEASE ENERGY [CATABOLISM & OXIDATION] |
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MICROFIL0 |
SOLID ROD OF PROTEIN |
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MICROTUBULE |
HOLLOW TUBE COMPOSED OF BUILDING BLOCKS, DIMERS. alpha&beta TUBULIN |
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NUCLEIC ACIDS |
GENETIC CODING, PROTEIN CODING, ENERGY SYSTEMS PENTOSE -RIBOSE & DEOXYRIBOSE NITROGEN (AMINE) BASE PURINES: ADENINE & GUANINE PHOSPHATES |
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NUCLEOTIDES |
A COMPOUND CONSISTING OF A AMINE AND A CARBOHYDRATE aka SUGAR AND A PHOSPHATE |
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ATP |
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE IS A HIGH ENERGY MOLECULE FOUND IN EVERY CELL. IT'S JOB IS TO STORE AND SUPPLY THE CELL WITH NEEDED ENERGY. |
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NAD |
NICOTINADE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE. OXIDIZING OR REDUCUNG AGENT IN METABOLIC REACTIONS. |
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FAD |
FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE. CREATED DURING RESPIRATION. |
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RNA |
RIBONUCLEIC ACID. SINGLE STRANDED NUCLEIC ACID THAT TRANSFERS INFO FROM DNA TO PROTEIN FORMING SYSTEM OF CELL. |
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DNA |
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID TYPE OF NUCLEIC ACID MACROMOLECULE. COMPRISED OF LONG STRANDS OF SUGARS, PHOSPHATES, AMINES. DOUBLE HELIX |
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PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS |
PREVENT CHANGES (MUTATION) IN DNA BASE SEQUENCES |
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