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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy Tomy (to cut) Ana (apart) |
Is the study of structure and shape of the body and its parts. |
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Gross (Macroscopic) Microscopic |
2 types of anatomy |
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Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy |
Big enough to be seen by the naked eye |
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Microscopic Anatomy |
- Too small to be seen by the naked eye. - Can only be viewed by the use of microscope |
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Physiology |
Is the study of function and work of the body and its part |
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Because they are inseparable One need to determine the structure of the part of the body to know how it functions. Since each function of the parts of the body needs a specific to perform its work |
Why is Anatomy and Physiology should be studies together? |
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Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organismal Level |
What is the sequence of the Organizational structure of the body? |
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Atoms |
- the chemical level of the Organizational structure - building blocks of all matter. |
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Cells |
- group of molecules that works together to perform a specific function. - smallest unit of all living things |
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Tissue |
Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function |
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1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
Different types of tissue |
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Organs |
Formed by different tissues workinng together to perform a specific task in the body |
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Organ system |
Group of organs working together to achieve a similar goal inside the body |
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Organism |
Highest form of organizational structure that builds up 11 diff organ system that works together to keep the living organism alive. |
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1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Digestive 9. Respiratory 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive |
11 organ system |
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Integumentary System |
Is the out covering of the body |
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1. Nails 2. Hair 3. Skin |
(3) Parts of Integumentary System |
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1. Waterproofs the body 2. Protects ans cushion deep muscle from injuries 3. Excrete salts through perspiration 4. Regulate body temperature 5. Absorbs vitamins from the sun |
(5) Function of Integumentary System |
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Skeletal System |
Framework for muscle movements |
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1. Bones 2. Cartilage 3. Ligaments 4. Joints |
3 parts of Skeletal System |
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1. Protective Function (Skull and ribs) 2. Supports muscle movement. 3. Bone cavities is where blood cells are formed 4. Hard parts of the bones acts as store house of materials |
(4) Function of Skeletal System |
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Muscular System |
Main function is to contracts to cause movements |
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Nervous System |
The central or main control of the body |
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1. Brain 2. Nerves 3. Spinal Cords 4. Sensory Receptors |
4 Parts of the Nervous System |
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Brain |
Part of the Nervous system that sends response to a stimuli |
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Sensory Receptors |
Part of the nervous system that sends message to the brain due to external factors |
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Endocrine System |
Responsible for the production of hormones |
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1. Pituitary 2. Thyroid 3. Parathyroid 4. Adrenals 5. Pancreas 6. Thymus 7. Pineals 8. Testes/Ovaries |
(8) parts of endocrine system |
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Cardiovascular System |
Is responsible to deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide throughout the body |
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1. Heart 2. Blood Vessels (Veins and Arteries) 3. Blood 4. Capillaries |
(4) Parts of Cardiovascular System |
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Lymphatic System |
- Sewerage system of the body - Responsible for moving the lymph back into the system |
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1. Lymph 2. Lymph nodes 3. Lymphatic vessels 4. Collecting ducts 5. Spleen 6. Thymus 7. Tonsils and adenoids 8. Bone Marrow 9. Peyer's patches 10. Appendix |
(10) Parts of Lymphatic System |
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1. Regulates body fluid 2. Absorb fats from the digestive system 3. Protects the body from foreign invaders 4. Transport and removes waste products and abnormal cells from the lymph |
(4) Function of Lymphatic System |
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Respiratory System |
Responsible for regulating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body |
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1. Nasal passages 2. Trachea 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. Bronchi 6. Lungs 7. Bronchioles |
(7) Parts of Respiratory system |
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Digestive system |
Responsible for breaking down foods and distribution of nutrients from food inside the body |
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1. Oral cavities 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Instestine 6. Rectum 7. Anus |
(6) Parts of digestive system |
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Urinary System |
Responsible for removing or excreting nitrogen containing materials in the blood in the form of urine |
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1. Urinary Bladder 2. Ureter 3. Urethra 4. Kidney |
(4) Parts of the Urinary System |
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1. Maintain the balance of salt-water in the body 2. Regulates the acid and base balance 3. Helps in maintaining normal blood pressure |
(3) Function of Urinary System |
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Reproductive system |
Responsible for reproduction |
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1. Ovaries 2. Uterine/ Fallopian Tube 3. Uterus 4. Vagina 5. Mammary glands |
Parts of Female Reproductive System |
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1. Seminal Vesicles 2. Prostate 3. Penis 4. Vas deferens 5. Testes 6. Scrotum |
Parts of Male Reproductive System |
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1. Maintaining balance 2. Movement 3. Responsiveness/ Irritability 4. Digestion 5. Excretion 6. Metabolism 7. Reproduction 8. Growth |
8 Characteristics of Life |
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Maintaining Boundaries |
Characteristics of life pertaining that insides are distinct from the outside |
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Movements |
- Activities promoted by our muscular system - Actions happening inside our body |
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Responsiveness or Irritability |
Being able to sense changes/stimula from external or internal factors and being able to respond to it |
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Digestion |
The proces sof breaking down food into smaller molecule that can be absorb by the blood |
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Excretion |
The process of removing waste from the body in a form of urine, feces or perspiration |
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Metabolism |
Pertains to all chemical reaction happening inside the body. Breaking down of complex substances to simpler building blocks |
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Reproduction |
Production of offspring |
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Growth |
The increase number and size of cells resulting to increase in body size |
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Survival needs |
Several factors reauired by the body to sustain life |
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1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Fats 4. Minerals and Vitamins 5. Oxygen 6. Water |
6 important nutrients in the body |
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Nutrients |
Chemical used for energy, cell building and maintaining healthy life |
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Carbohydrates |
Major energy providing fuel for body cells |
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Proteins |
Essential for body building, together with fats |
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Fats |
Cushions the body and acts as reserve fuel |
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Minerals and Vitamins |
Required for chemical reaction that occurs in cell and for oxygen transport in the bloos |
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Body temperature |
Affects metabolism and chemical reaction of the body |
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Rapid chemical reaction |
High body temperature cause what? |
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Slow metabolism |
Low body temperature cause what? |
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Atmospheric Pressure |
Force exerted on the he surface of the body by the weight of air |
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Homeo - the same Stasis - Standing still |
Homeostasis comes from the words? |
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Unchanging |
Homeostasis is translated as |
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Homeostasis |
It is the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable condition |
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Homeostasis |
Dynamic state of equilibrium |
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Communcation between the Nervous and Endocrine System |
Essential for the homeostasis |
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1. Receptors 2. Control Center 3. Effectors |
Components of Homeostatic Control System |
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Receptors |
Monitors and responds to changes in environment (stimuli) |
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Afferent Pathway |
Receptors goes through what pathway to go to the control center |
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Control Center |
Analyze and determines the response to the stimulus |
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Effector |
Provides means for the response determined by the control center |
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Efferent Pathway |
Pathway used by the control center to get to the effector |
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Negative feedback |
-common response/feedback to stimuli - shut off or decrease the stimulus |
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Positive feedback |
-Common feedback with chilbirth or blood clothing - increase stimulis |
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Homeostatic Imbalance |
Disturbance of homeostasis in the body |
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Section |
Cut when looking at thw internal structure of the body |
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Planes |
Imaginary line of section |
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1. Sagittal 2. Frontal/Coronal 3. Transverse/Cross |
3 different sections |
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Sagittal Section |
Longitudinal cut that divides the left and right side of the body |
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Frontal or Coronal Section |
Longitudinal cut that divides the ventral and dorsal part of the body |
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Transverse or Cross Section |
Horizontal cut that divides the superior and inferior parts of the body |
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1. Cranial 2. Spinal 3. Thoracic 4. Abdomenopelvic 5. Oral & digestive 6. Nasal 7. Orbital 8. Middle ear |
Body Cavities |
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Mediastinum |
A central region that separated the lungs |
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1. Cranial Cavities 2. Spinal Cavities |
(2) Dorsal Cavities |
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1. Thoracic cavities (diaphragm) 2. Abdomenopelvic |
(2) Ventral Cavities |
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1. Umbilical 2. Epigastric 3. Hypogastric 4. R&L Iliac 5. R&L Lumbar 6. R&L Hypochondriac |
(6) Quadrants |
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Quadrants |
Divides the abdomenopelvic cavities into four more or less equal region |
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Umbilical region |
Centermost (navel) |
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Epigastric |
Superior to the umbilical |
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Hypogastric |
Inferior to the umbilical |
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R&L Iliac |
Superior to the pelvic bone Lateral to the umbilical |
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R&L Lumbar |
Between spinal cord and pelvic bone Lateral to the umbilical cord |
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R&L Hypochondriac |
Inferior to the ribs Lateral to the umbilical |
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Nasal Cavities |
Posterior to the nose Part of Respiratory system |
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Oral cavities and digestive cavities |
Part of digestive system and opens up at the exterior of the anus |
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Orbital Cavities |
Eye sockets in anterior position |
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Middle Ears Cavities |
Medial to the eardrums Tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors |
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Contractility |
Muscle cell's ability to move by shortening |
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Catabolism |
Breaking down substances into simpler building blocks |
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Anabolism |
Synthesising more comoles cellular structure from simpler substances |
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Feedback loops |
Mechanism within an organism to help to maintain homeostasis |
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1. Standing Erect 2. Feet parallel 3. Arms hanging at the side 4. Palms facing forward |
Anatomical Position |
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Midsagittal Plane |
Sagittal plane in the middle |
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Parasagittal plane |
Does not oass through midline but divides the body into unqeual halves |
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Oblique Plane |
Passes through the body an an angle between the transverse, and either the sagital or frontal plane |
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1. Appendix and cecum 2. Portion of ascending and transverse colon |
Parts under RLQ |
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1. Right lobe of the liver 2. Head of the pancreas 3. Pylorus 4. Duodenum 5. Gallbladder 6. Hepatic fixture ot the colon 7. Ascending and transverse part of the Intestine |
Parts under RUQ |
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1. Left lobe of the liver 2. Stomach 3. Body of the pancreas 4. Splenic fissure of the colon 5. Portion of the transverse and descending colon |
Parts under the LUQ |
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1. Sigmoid colon 2. Portion of the descending colon |
Parts under LLQ |
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1. Pancreas 2. Portion of the stomach 3. Liver 4. Inferior vena cava 5. Abdominal aorta 6. Duodenum |
Parts under Epigastric |
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1. Diaphragm 2. Portion of the kidney 3. Portion of the liver 4. Spleen 5. Parts od the pancreas |
Parts under the hypochondriac |
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1. Portion of the small and large intestine 2. Abdominal aorta 3. Inferior vena cava |
Parts under the umbilical |
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1. Portion of the small and large intestine 2. Portion of the kidneys |
Parts under the RL lumbar |
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1. Portion of the sigmoid colon 2. Small intestine 3. Urinary (pelvic) bladder and urethra |
Parts under epigastric |
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1. Parts of small and large intestine |
Parts under inguinal |
