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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the type of tissue in the epidermis of the skin? |
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
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What are the two layers of the dermis? |
Papillary layer & Reticular layer |
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What kind of tissue is in the papillary layer? |
Loose areolar connective tissue |
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What kind of tissue is in the reticular layer? |
Dense irregular connective tissue |
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What is the function of Pacinian Corpuscle? |
Deep touch sensory receptor |
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What is the function of Meissner Corpuscle? |
Light touch sensory receptro |
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What are Langerhans cells? |
Immune cells of the skin |
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What is the function of Keratin? |
Prevents dehydration |
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What is the function of melanin? |
Protects skin from harmful rays of sunlight |
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Is the Epidermis avascular or vascular? |
Avascular |
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Is the Dermis avascular or vascular? |
Vascular |
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What are the names of the layers of skin in the epidermis (deep to superficial)? |
1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Corneum |
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What is the extra layer of skin called in deep skin? |
Stratum Lucidum |
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What are Merocrine/Eccrine glands? |
Sweat glands found all over the body. produces true sweat |
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What are Apocrine glands? |
Sweat glands found in the axillary and pelvic region. produces body odor |
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What are Holocrine glands? |
Oil glands |
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What does a 1st degree burn affect? |
Epidermis (sunburn) |
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What does a 2nd degree burn affect? |
Epidermis and some Dermis. Causes blisters. |
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What does a 3rd degree burn affect? |
Epidermis and Dermis |
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What is the Hair Matrix? |
Where hair growth starts |
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What is the Hair Papilla? |
where the dermis enters at the base of the hair follicle |
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What are the functions of the Integumentary system? |
Body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, secretion and protection |
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Microanatomy of compact bone: |
1. Haversian canals run along middle of osteons 2. Volkmanns canals run perpendicular to Haversian canals |
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What are layers of compact bone called? |
Lamellae. They have lacunae with osteocytes in them. They are connected by canaliculi |
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What is the Axial Skeleton? |
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage |
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What is the Appendicular Skeleton? |
Bones in arms, bones of legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle |
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Name examples of flat bones: |
rib bones, scapulae, skull bones, sternum |
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Name examples of short bones: |
bones of wrist, bones of ankle |
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Name examples of long bones: |
bones in arm, bones in legs (excluding wrist and ankle) |
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Name examples of irregular bones: |
vertebrae, hip bones |
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Examples of hyaline cartilage: |
cover ends of most bones at moveable joints, connect ribs to sternum, external nose, skeleton of larynx |
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Examples of elastic cartilage: |
external ear, epiglottis |
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Examples of fibrocartilage: |
intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee |
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What is osteoporosis? |
group of diseases where bone resorption outpaces bone deposit. cause porous, light, fragile bones |
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What is osteomalacia and rickets? |
disorders where bones are poorly mineralized. soft and weak bones. main symptom is pain. rickets is similar to osteomalacia, more severe due to bones still growing. both are caused by insufficient calcium in diet or Vit D deficiency. |
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What are the Epiphysis/Diaphysis of long bones?
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Epiphysis are the bone ends. Exterior is compact bone, interior is spongy bone.
Diaphysis is the bone shaft, thick collar of compact bone surrounds medullary cavity. |
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Why is red bone marrow important? |
Hematopoisis |
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What are osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes? |
bone forming cells, bone destroying cells, mature bone cells |
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What is interstitial growth? |
growth from inside. lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix |
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What is appositional growth? |
growth from outside. cartilage-forming cells in surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix |
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What are the organic compositions of bone? |
cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes), and osteoid - the organic portion of the matrix |
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What are the inorganic compositions of bone? |
mineral salts, mostly calcium phosphates
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What is calcitonin? |
Hormone produced by the thyroid when blood calcium levels are too high and process osteoblast activity |
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What is PTH? |
produced by the parathyroid glands when calcium levels are too low and promotes osteoclast activity |
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What is the Periosteum? |
outer bone membrane |
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What is the Endosteum? |
inner bone membrane |
