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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of structure by dissection is?
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anatomy
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The study of objects without a microscope.
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gross anatomy
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Who is considered to be the "Father of Anatomy."
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Andreas Vesalius
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Who was regarded as the authority in anatomy?
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Galen
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What was the name of Vesalius' book?
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"On the Structure of Anatomy"
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What is the study of cells?
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cytology
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What is the study of tissues?
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histology
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What is the study of embryology?
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developmental anatomy
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What is the comparing of two different anatomies?
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comparative anatomy
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What is the study of biological function?
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physiology
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Physio is greek for what?
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nature
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Who is regarded as 'the father of physiology"?
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William Harvey
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How many lecture exams will be used this semester to calculate your grade?
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4
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Who are you supposed to call if you want to be in the lab during the night when it is usually locked?
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Campus Security
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What organization sent Vesalius to Jerusalim?
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Catholic Church
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What experiment did William Harvey do?
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Showed that blood flows through vessels
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Is the study of blood flow through the heart an example of anatomy or is it an example of physiology?
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physiology
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Will the same textbook for this course also be used during spring semester?
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yes
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Are you allowed to drop one of the lab exams this semester?
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no
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How many points will the final exam be worth this semester?
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100
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What does anatomy consist of ?
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muscle tissue, chambers, valves, vessels, conductive tracts and epithelium
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What is the full definition of physiology?
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study of blood flow patterns, how muscle tissues contract, how impulses pass through the heart to produce a coordinated contraction
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How are humans classified?
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human classification
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What is a system developed by biologists to name and show relationships between living organisms?
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taxonomic scheme
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All living organisms are listed in one of three what?
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Domains
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What domain includes "ancient bacteria"?
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Archaea
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What domain included "other bacteria"?
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Eubacteria
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What domain includes everything like humans?
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Eukarya
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What does karya mean?
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nucleus
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What kingdom do humans belong to?
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animalia
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What are the four kingdoms?
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animals, plants, protista, and fungi
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What is the taxonomic order?
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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What phylum do mammals belong to?
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chordata
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What do chordates have that separate them from others?
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backbones
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All chordates have what three structrues during their lifetime?
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Notochord, Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal pouches
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A notochord only exists when?
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During embyonic development
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What creature has a notochord as an adult?
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Amphioxus
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What does the first pharyngeal pouch become in humans?
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Middle ear cavity and eustachian tube
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What class do mammals belong to?
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mammalia
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Only mammals contain have what characteristics? (12)
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mammary glands, hair, facial muscles, heterodont teeth, diphodontia, diaphragm, external ears, three ear ossicles, four chambered hearts with a left aortic arch, single lower jaw bone articulating with the skull, 7 cervical vertebrae, non-nucleated red blood cells
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What order to humans belong to?
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primate
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What characteristics do primates have?
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Opposable thumbs and large brains
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What family do mammals belong to?
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Hominidae
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What does homo mean?
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same or man
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What characteristics cause humans to be successful animals?
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large brain for body size, bipedal, opposable thumbs (manual dexterity), vocal structure, communicative, stereoscopic vision (both eyes are on the sam plane)
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What means different types of teeth?
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heterodontia
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Humans have what kind of teeth that allow them to eat virtually everything?
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bunodont teeth
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What is the study of cells?
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cytology
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What is the basic unit of life?
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cells
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What 6 things do organisms do?
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metabolize, grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, move, and controlled by DNA
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What must happen in order for cells to live?
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conditions must be kept constant
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What means "same standing"?
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homeostasis
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How much of the body is composed of water?
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2/3
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Where is about 2/3 of the water in our bodies located?
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in our cells
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Where is about 1/3 of the water in our bodies located?
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outside cells
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What order to humans belong to?
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primate
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What characteristics do primates have?
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Opposable thumbs and large brains
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What family do mammals belong to?
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Hominidae
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What does homo mean?
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same or man
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What characteristics cause humans to be successful animals?
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large brain for body size, bipedal, opposable thumbs (manual dexterity), vocal structure, communicative, stereoscopic vision (both eyes are on the sam plane)
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The extracellular fluid is either what two things?
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Blood or Interstitial fluid
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Blood is located within how much of most cells?
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50 micrometers
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What is the smallest blood vessel?
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Capillary
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What is an organized group of similar cells that perform a similar function?
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Tissues
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How many major types of tissue are there?
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four
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What are the four types of tissues?
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Epithelial, Muscle, Nerve, and Connective
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What tissue lines vessels, lymph veins, body cavities, etc.?
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Epithelial
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What two things do epithelial tissues have?
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Free surface and basement membrane
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What are the different kinds of muscle tissues?
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cardiac, smooth, skeletal
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What two muscle tissues are invlountary?
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Cardiac and smooth
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What muscle tissue is voluntary?
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skeletal
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What does the cardiac muscle do?
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contract and expand the heart
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What does the smooth muscle able to do?
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erect erector pili, move food through intestines
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What does skeletal muscle do?
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moves bones
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What tissue is able to conduct an impulse?
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Nerve
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What tissue hold things together?
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connective tissue
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What are some examples of connective tissues?
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ligaments, tendons, bones, cartilage, fascia, blood
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What is the non-living cellular stuff that connective tissue has?
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matrix
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What is the non-living part of blood?
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plasma
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What is a group of tissues and cells that perform a similar function?
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organ
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What is a group of organs that perform a given function?
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system
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What is created when all systems are together and working properly?
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organism
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What is the name for standing erect, heels togehter, and thumbs out?
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Anatomical position
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What is the term for face down or lying face down?
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prone
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What is the term for face up?
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supine
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What is the term for front and leading surface?
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anterior
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What is another term for anterior in humans?
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ventral
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What is the term for back and behind surface?
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posterior
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What is another term for posterior in humans?
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dorsal
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What is the term for toward the head?
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superior
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What is another term for superior in humans?
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cranial
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What is the term for towards the feet?
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inferior
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What is another term for inferior in humans?
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caudal
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What is the term for toward the midline?
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medial
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What is the term for away from the midline?
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lateral
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What is the term for closer to the surface?
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superficial
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What is the term for further away from the surface?
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deep
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What is the term for closer to the point of reference?
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proximal
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What is the term for distant from a point of reference?
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distal
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What is the plane that divides the body into right and left parts?
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sagittal
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What is the sagittal plane that passes through the center of the body with equal left and right halves on the side?
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midsagittal
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What is the sagittal plane that is to the side of midsagittal?
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parasagittal
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What is the plane that divides the body into front and back parts?
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frontal
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What is another name for frontal in humans?
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coronal
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What is the plane the divides the body into upper and lower parts?
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transverse
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What are planes that go through tissues, like muscle?
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tissue sections
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What is the plane through the narrowest part of a tissue or cell?
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transverse
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What is the plane through the longest part of a tissue or cell?
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longitudinal
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What is the cavity that passes along the dorsal surface of the body and contains the brain and spinal cord?
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dorsal cavity
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What cavity contains the brain?
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cranial cavity
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What cavity contains the spinal cord?
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Spinal cavity
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What cavity passes along the ventral surface of the body and contains visceral organs?
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ventral cavities
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What is the cavity that is superior to the diaphragm?
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thoracic
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What is the part of the thoracic cavity that contains lungs?
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pleural cavity
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What is the part of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart?
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pericardial
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What is the region between the lungs that contains the trachea, esophagus, major vessels, nerves, the thymus gland, pericardial cavity with the heart and fat?
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mediastinum
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What is the cavity between the diaphragm and the superior plane of the pelvis in the peritoneal cavity?
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Abdominal cavity
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What is the cavity that is inferior to the superior plane of the pelvis in the peritoneal cavity?
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pelvic cavity
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What are sheets of material that surround the internal parts of cells or cover cells as cell membranes, or connect body visceral organs to the dorsal body wall as mesentary?
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membrane
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What type of membranes line the walls of the body cavity?
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parietal membranes
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What membranes cover the surfaces of organs that are located inside the body?
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visceral membranes
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What membrane is around the heart?
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pericardium
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What is the inner lining of the pericardial sac that touches the heart?
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perietal pericardium
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What is the outer layer of the heart? The layer you touch when you hold the heart in your hand?
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visceral pericardium
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What is the sac that holds the heart?
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pericardial sac
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What is the cavity between the heart and sac?
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pericardial sac
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What is the layer of membrane on the ribs that touches the lungs?
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parietal pleura
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What is the outer layer of the lungs?
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visceral pleura
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What is the membrane the lines the body cavity of the peritoneum?
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parietal peritoneum
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What is the membrane that covers the organs of the peritoneum?
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visceral peritoneum
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What are the membranes that support organs in ventral body cavities?
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mesentaries
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What connect the organ to the dorsal side of the body cavity?
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mesentaries
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What pass through mesentaries to get to and from organs?
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blood vessels and nerves
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What has a maximum magnification of 1,000x?
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light microscope
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What are the two different types of electron microscopes?
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scanning and transmission
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What slide preparation kills tissues and binds molecules together?
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fixation
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What slide preparation removes water from the cell and replaces it with an organic solvent like alcohol or acetone?
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dehydration
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What is an example of a common fixative?
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formaldehyde
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What is the process which places wax or epoxy into the tissue in the place water normally occupies?
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infiltration
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What is the process of cutting thin slices of tissue encased in wax and mounting them on glass slides?
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sectioning
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What is the process of using a special stain to show cellular organelles?
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staining
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What is the metric unit of length?
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meter
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What is the metric unit of weight?
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gram
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How many grams are in one pound?
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454
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How many pounds are in a kilograms?
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about 2.2
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What is the metric unit of volume?
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liter
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What is the metric unit of time?
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seconds
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