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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Median Sagittal
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A vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body, diving it into equal left and right halves.
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Sagittal
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Any vertical plane parallel to the median sagittal plane
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Coronal
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Any vertical plane perpendicular to the sagittal that divides the body into front(anterior) and back(posterior) portions
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Transverse
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Any horizontal plane that divdes the body into upper and lower portions.
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Longitudinal
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Any plane that sections an elements parallel to its long axis.
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Superior
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Refers to the structure being above or closer to the head than another
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Inferior
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Refers to one structure being below, or closer to the feet or tail bone
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Anterior
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Refers to one structure being in front of another
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Posterior
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Refers to one structure being behind another
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Medial
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Refers to one structure being closer to th emedian sagittal plane that another
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Lateral
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refers to one structure being farther away from the median sagittal plane than another.
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Proximal
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Refers to a structure of the upper limb or lower limb that is closer to the root of the limb than another
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distal
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refers to a structure of the upper or lower limb that is farther away from the root of the limb than another
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Flexion
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movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts. Usually a movement to a more anterior location
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Extension
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Movement that increases the angle between 2 parts, usually a movement to a more posterior location
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Abduction
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Movement of an appendage away from the median sagittal plane
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Adduction
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movement of an appendage toward the median sagittal plane
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Rotation
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Movement that occurs around a central axis of a body part
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Pronation
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Rotary movement of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly(in extension) or inferiorly(in flexion)
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Supination
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Rotary movement of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly(in extension) or superiorly(in flexion)
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Eversion
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Turning the sole of the foot outward to face away from the midlane
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Inversion
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Turn the sole of the foot inward to face toward the midline
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Plantarflexion
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Movement of the foot at the ankle so that the ball of the foot moves inferiorly, as when you stand on your toes.
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Dorsiflexion
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Movement of the foot at the ankle so that the ball of the foot moves superiorly, as when you stand on your heels.
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Circumduction
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Movement of an appendage in a circular or cone-shapred path
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opposition
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movement of the thunmb to touch a fingertip
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Cell Theory(5)
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*All organisms are made of cells
*Cell is the simplest unit of life *Organismal structure and function is a result of cellular processes *Cells come from other cells *Shared ancestry = shared similarities |
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3 types of muscle tissue
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*Sketeal
*Smooth *Cardiac |
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Define Cytology
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Study of cells
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DEfine Histology
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Study of tissue
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Who created the cell theory
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Schledian and schwann
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Connective Tissues
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Support structures or bind thing together
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Define Tendon
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Connect mucle to bone
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Define Ligament
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connect bone to bone
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Connective Tissue
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Tissue w/ usually more matrix than cell volume; often specialized to support, bind and protect organs
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Nervous tissue
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Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmision of coded information to other cells
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Musclar tissue
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Tissue composed of elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction
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Whats in the Frontal Brain?
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Occiptial Lobe
Frontal Lobe Parital l temporal l Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Gryus Sulcus |
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Parital Lobe
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center for general sences and taste
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Frontal L
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Cognition
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Occiptial L
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Vision process
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Temporal L
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Hearing and smell
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Thalamus
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Sendings senosory info to the brain expect sense of smell
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Hypothalamus
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center for homeostasis and basic drives(Sex, eat etc)and endocrine system
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pineal Gland
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Melatonin Secretion and circadium rhythem
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Midbrain
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Connects forebrain and hindbrain together
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Mid Brain parts
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Medulla Oblongata
Pons and Cerebellum cerebal aquaduct |
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Medulla Oblongata
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nervous connection between brain n spinal cord
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Pons
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Respiratory, sleep, bladder
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Cerebellum
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Coordination center
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Filum Terminale
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Pia mater extends from the conus medullarus until the coccyx
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Cauda Equina
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Bundle of extending fibers from conus meduallaris
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Conus medullaris
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the end of spinal cord where it begins to decend into a bundle of fibers
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Lumbar Cistern
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enlargement of the subarachnoid space between the conus medullaris of spinal cord (about vertebral level L2) and inferior end of subarachnoid space and dura mater (about vertebral level S2); occupied by the posterior and anterior roots constituting the cauda equina, the terminal filum, and cerebrospinal fluid; site for lumbar puncture and spinal anesthesia
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Plexus
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braided netork of nerves that head 2 particular region of body but nerves come from diff part of spinal cord
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Sinus
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A filled space in bone
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Meatus
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opening to a canal
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Foramen
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Hole in a bone, usually rounded
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Canal
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A tubercle passage or tunnel in a bone
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Sulcus
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shallow groove for tendon, vein, or blood vessel
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Fovea
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a small pit
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Fossa
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shallow depression in a bone
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Alveolus
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a pit or socket
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Tuberosity
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rough surface
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Tubercle
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a small round process
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Trochanter
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two massive processes, unique to femur
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Spine
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a sharp, slender, or narrow process
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Protuberance
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A bony outgrowth or protruding part
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Process
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any boney prominence
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Line
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A slightly raised, elongated ridge
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Epicondyle
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Projection superior to a condyle
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Crest
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Narrow Ridge
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head
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Prominet expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded
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Facet
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A smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface
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Condyle
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a rounded knob
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Trochanter
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two massive processes, unique to femur
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Spine
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a sharp, slender, or narrow process
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Protuberance
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A bony outgrowth or protruding part
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Process
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any boney prominence
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Line
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A slightly raised, elongated ridge
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Epicondyle
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Projection superior to a condyle
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Crest
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Narrow Ridge
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head
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Prominet expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded
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Facet
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A smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface
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Condyle
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a rounded knob
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Articular Cartilage
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Composed of hyaline cartilage
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Capsular Ligament
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External part of capsule composed of elastic fibers, stretches from one bone to the next
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Synovial membrane
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Secretes synovial fluid
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Bursa
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fiberous sac filled with synovial fluid
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Tendon Sheath
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A membranous sleeve which envelops the tendon and creates a lubricated low-friction environment for easy movement
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Articular disc
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A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones
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Nucleus Pulposus
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Gelatinous core
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Annulosus Fibrosus
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concentric layers of dense connective tissue
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intravertebral Foramen
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transmits a spinal nerve
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Spinal nerve
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mixed info fed from dorsal and ventral roots
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# and charactics of Cervical Vertebra
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7
Atlas c1 no body, spinous process, supports skull, contains foramen transversarium(vertebral artery & vein thru) Axis c2 bifed sp, dens helps rotate head |
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Lumbar
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biggest body looks like a mosse
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Thorasic
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12
costal facets looks like giraffe |
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Sacroilliac joint
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where sacrum is attached to illum, weight bearing join. Limited range of movement
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Os Coxae composed of what
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pubis, ischium and llium
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lliocostalis
O,i,f |
origin: illiac crest and ribs 3-12
Insertion: Ribs 1-12, transverse processes C4-C6 function: Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column |
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Longissimus
o,i,f |
origin: Transverse processes C4-L5
Insertion: Transverse process C2-T12, mastoid process Function: Extend head, extend and laterally flex the veterbral column |
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Spinalis
o,i,f |
Origin: spinous process
Insertion: Spinous process C2-4 and T1-8 Function: Extend head, extend and laterally flex the veterbral column |
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Erector spinal group
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lliocostalis
longissimus spinalis |
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Splenius Capitis
o,i,f |
Origin: nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T3
Insertion: Mastoid process and nuchal line Function: Extend head and neck, rotate head side contracting |
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Splenius cervicis
o,i,f |
Origin:Spinous process T3-T4
Insertion: Transverse processes C1-4 Function: Extend neck, rotated head to side contracting |
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Semispinalis
o,i,f |
origin: Travsverse processes C4-T12
insertio: Occipital bone, spinous process function: Extend head, cervical and thoracic regions and rotate them to the opposite side. |
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Semispinalis Capitis
o,i,f |
Origin: Transverse process T1-T6
Insertion: Occipital bone, between super and inferior nuchal lines Function: Power rotator and extensor of head and neck |
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Multifidus
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Origin: Sacrum, ilium and transverse process C4-L5
Insertion: Spinous process Function: stabilize vertebra and rotate vertebral column to opposite side |
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Quadratus Lunborum
o,i,f |
Origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar lig
insterion: trans process function: laterally flex spine |
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Muscle Function(4)
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-heat
-stability -movement -contril of body opening |
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belly
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muscle mass(bulf of muscle)
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4 types of muscles
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Parallel
Pennate circular triangular |
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motor unit
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muscle and neuron
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Diencephalon
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Thalamus
hypothalamus pineal gland |
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Central sulcus
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seperates frontal love and parital love
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lateral sulcus
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sep temporal lobe from paritial lobe and frontal lobe
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