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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 Forms of Energy
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Chemical
Electrical Mechanical Radiant or Electromagnetic |
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Electrical Energy
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Resulting from the movement of charged particles (often called "ions")
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Deep (Internal)
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Away from the body surface; more internal
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Sagittal Plane: Exact Halves
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Median or Midsagittal Plane
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Planes
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The cuts that divide the body
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Energy
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Cannot be directly seen, observed, or felt; either potential or kinetic
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Histology
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Study of Tissues
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Organ System
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Organs working together to accomplish a common purpose
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Superior (Cranial)
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Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
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Organism
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The sum of all the structural levels working together to promote life
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Organ
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Composed of 2 (but more commonly 4) tissues that carries out a specific function; complex functions are possible
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Axial
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Head, neck, trunk
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Homeostatic Imbalances
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A disturbance of normal homeostasis, often associated with disease
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8 Necessary Life Functions
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Maintaining Boundaries
Movement Responsiveness (Irritability) Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
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Appendicular
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The appendages or limbs
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Positive Feedback
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Intensifies the output activity, leading to a cascade of events
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Regional Terms
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Specific regions of the body
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Anterior (Ventral)
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Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
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Survival Needs
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Nutrients
Oxygen Water Normal Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure |
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Sagittal Plane
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Divides the body into right and left halves
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining of fairly stable internal conditions, in spite of changes in the external environment; state of balance within narrow limits, and not a total lack of change internally
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Inferior (Caudal)
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Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
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Sections
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The view of those planes
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Abdominal Cavity
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Housing the digestive organs
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Negative Feedback
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The output shuts off or decreases the intensity of the input. They move in the opposite direction of the original stimulating change.
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3 Components of a Control
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1. Receptor
2. Control Center 3. Effector |
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Receptor
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A sensor that monitors the variable
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Control Center
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Determines the set point, analyzes the data from the receptor, and determines the appropriate response
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Effector
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Provides the means for the control center's output. Info is then fed back to determine what actions are needed next.
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Thoracic Cavity
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2 pleural cavities and the mediastinum (containing the pericardial cavity)
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Distal
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Farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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Transverse or Horizontal Plane (Cross Section)
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Runs horizontally from right to left
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Frontal or Coronal Plane
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Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
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Intermediate
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Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
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Oblique Sections
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Diagonal to horizontal and vertical planes
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Variable
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Factor being regulated
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Proximal
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Closer to the point of origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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Ventral Body Cavity
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The largest body cavity, which contains the visceral organs (or viscera); divided by the diaphragm.
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Superficial (External)
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Toward or at the body surface
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Posterior (Dorsal)
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Toward or at the back of the body; behind.
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Medial
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Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
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Matter
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The "stuff" which makes up the universe. It can largely be seen, felt, measured, smelled, or otherwise perceived. It has mass, which is equivalent to weight on earth. It exists as solid, liquid, or gas states.
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Mechanical Energy
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Directly involved in moving matter.
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Pelvic Cavity
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Houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and the rectum.
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4 Abdomino-Pelvic Quadrants
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Divided by 1 transverse and 1 median plane into 4 quadrants:
Right Upper, Right Lower Left Upper, Left Lower |
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Neutralization
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When acids and bases unite, forming a salt (dissolved) and water
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Dorsal Body Cavity
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Divided into the cranial cavity (containing the brain) and vertebral or spinal cavity running within the vertebral column (containing the spinal cord).
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Chemical Energy
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Stored in bonds of chemical substances.
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Water's 5 Vital Properties
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High heat capacity
High heat of vaporization Polar solvent properties Reactivity Cushioning |
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Bases
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Chemically they donate OH- and are proton acceptors.
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Acids
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chemically they donate H+ and are defined as proton donors; they have a pH less than 7.
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Inorganic Compounds
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Everything else; of interest to us are water, salts, and acids/bases
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Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy
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Energy that travels in waves
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Molecular Weight
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How much mass an atom of an element contains; this is based on the protons and netrons in the nucleus of the atom, as electrons contribute essentially no mass.
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Organic Compounds
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Those that contain carbon, with the carbons covalently bonded into large or very large molecules.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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The entire range of electromagnetic energy
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The Law of the Conservation of Matter & Energy
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Matter and energy can be interconverted, but neither is created nor destroyed.
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2 Properties of Atoms
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1. Molecular Weight
2. Electrons in the outer shell |
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Steriods
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Flat molecules with 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings.
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Phospholipids
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Modified triglycerides with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphorus group.
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Eicosanoids
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20-carbon fatty acids found in cell membranes
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Triglyceride (Neutral Fat)
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Composed of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.
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Salts
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Compounds that have cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-; easily dissociate and form ions capable of carrying a charge. Important in nerve signal transmission.
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Chemical Level
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Atoms combine and form molecules, such as water and protein. These form organelles within cells.
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Cellular Level
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The cells, which vary according to location and function.
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Anatomy
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Study of the structures of the body in relation to one another.
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Tissue Level
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Groups of similar cells with a common function.
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4 Types of Tissue
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Epithelium
Muscle Connective Nervous |
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Physiology
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Study of the functions of the body; that is, how it works.
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