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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATP synthesis |
Oxidation Glycolisis Krebs (tca) cycle * Oxidative phosphorylation* |
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Glucose Storage |
Anabolsim Glycogen Glycogen synthesis Glycerol |
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Energy partitioning |
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Indirect calorimetry |
Measured oxygen Proportional to heat produced Proportional to energy consumed |
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Digestible energy |
Gross energy intake - fecal intake |
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Nutrient requirement |
Calories measurement How much it takes to gain weight |
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Evaluation of a Ration |
1. Determine requirements - physical evaluation 2. Calculate nutritional intake - evaluate all feeds, nutrient intake 3. Evaluate feeding management - HOW the horse is fed 4. Monitor progress of horse |
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Growth curve |
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Bone deposition in foals |
Endochrondial ossifocation - long bones Modeling - changes in bone shape Before birth - distal phalanx 6-18 months - distal mc3 17-24 months - distal tibia 22 -42 months - distal radius |
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Colostrum |
Antibodies and nutrients 3-5 litres in first 12 hours Offer every two hours |
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Creep feeding |
0revent mare from eating Where mares and foals spend most time Multiple exits and entrances Enhanced nutrient intake to help forming bones and immune response Complements mares milk Prevents weaning stress Evens out growth |
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Feeding orphans |
Day 1 - colostrum every 2 hrs Foal serum 6-10 hrs Day 2 -balance between wet mare and milk replacer Drink from bucket First 5 weeks - 20-25%be 17-20% after Day 3 -60 - milk replacer 5 gal day Transition day 30 - 60 High quality forsge,milk replacer pellet, water, salt |
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Dod |
Definition - all orthopedic problems seen in growing foal, developmental orthopedic diseases Causes - problems in bines, cartilage, ligaments, tendons: overfeeding, genetics, minerla/hormone imbalance, too much forced exercise Prevention - balanced rationing to promote even growth |
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Physitis |
Bony Enlargement of legs, abnormal growth of metaphysical plates Nutritional imbalance or trauma Comes and goes with no consequence May be painful Treatment evaluate ration, may self correct |
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Osteochondrosis |
Improper bone formation Severe lameness and loss of horse |
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Glycolisis |
Metabolic pathway of converting glucose sugars into pyruvate and free H cations. The free energy released is used to form Atp and NADH. |
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TCA or Krebs Cycle |
Release of stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl coa derived from carbs, fats and proteins into atp. It also revise amino acid precursors and NADH 1. Glycolisis provides pyruvate 2. Pyruvate becomes acetyl coa 3. Tca cycle create energy precursors |
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Electronic transport and Oxidative phosphorylation |
Process of atp formation through Electron transfer of NADH or fadh2 to oxygen through a series of electron carriers |
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Glucose metabolism into atp or lactic acid |
Generation of atp is formed through fermentation when oxygen is absent Happens when pyruvate builds up to quickly |
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Stored glucose |
Stored in Glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle Used during fasting Mobilized with sudden need of glucose |
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Gluconeogenesis |
Metabolic pathway that results in the generation of of glucose from non carbs carbon substrates Happens during fasting when glucose is needed Tdansamination or deamination of amino acids allow them to enter the cycle directly to become glucose |
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Oxidation of glucose |
Glycolisis Preparation of braking into co2 and 2 and 3 carbon molecules Krebs Cycle Electron transport chain creates atp |
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Amino acid Oxidation |
Metabolic energy derived from proteins |
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Lipid oxidation |
Unsaturated fatty acids break down food Initiation- production of free radical Propagation - formation of new radical Termination - stops when enough radicals are formed |
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Volatile fatty acids metabolism |
Energy from MCOs through microbial fermentation |
