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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cow-calf operation
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a management unit that maintains a breeding herd and produces weaned calves
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feeder
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an animal that needs further feeding prior to slaughter
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stocker
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weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets before going into the feedlot
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grade or commercial
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livestock not registered with registry association
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purebred
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animals that may have been "upbred" by crossbreeding full bloods with other breeds
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full blood
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animals that have no crossbred ancestors
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registered
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recorded in the herdbook of a breed
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bred
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female that has been mated
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breed
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animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species
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band
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a relatively large group of horses or range sheep
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flock
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a group of sheep or poultry
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herd
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a group of beef, dairy, or swine
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buck
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a male sheep or goat
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bull
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a bovine male
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bullock
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a young bull
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calve
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bovine parturition
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dam
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female parent
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farrow
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porcine parturition
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heifer
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young female bovine that hasn't produced her first calf
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heiferette
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a heifer that has calved but not nursed and is sent to the feedlot
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hinny
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stallion x jennet
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jack
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male donkey
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jennet
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female donkey
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mule
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jack x mare
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litter
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the young produced by multiparous females
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parturition
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process of giving birth
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ram
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mature male sheep
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shoat
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young pig of either sex
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shrink
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loss of weight
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sire
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male parent
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castrate
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to remove the testicles
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spay
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to remove the ovaries
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stag
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animal that has been castrated after sexual maturity
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stud
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-synonymous with stallion
-place where males are kept |
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beef
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meat from cattle other than calves
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boxed beef
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primal and subprimal cuts of beef that are put in boxes for shipping from packing plant to retailers
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pork
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meat from swine
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veal
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meat from young cattle
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weaning
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separating young animals from their dams so that the offspring can no longer suckle
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weanling
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an animal of weaning age
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yearling
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animals that are approximately 1 year old
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forb
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weedy or broadleaf plants that serve as pasture for animals
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browse
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woody or brushy plants
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brockle-faced
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white-faced with other colors splotched on the face and head
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colostrum
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the first milk given by a female after delivery of her young
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creep
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an enclosure in which only young can enter to feed
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cwt
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an abbreviation for hundred weight
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per capita
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per person
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hide
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skin from animals
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pelt
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the natural, whole-skin covering
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skins
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hides from smaller animals
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calving interval
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the amount of time between the birth of a calf and the birth of a subsequent calf from the same cow
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contemporaries
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group of animals of the same sex and breed, or similar breeding, that have been raised under similar environmental conditions
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cull
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to eliminate one or more animals from the breeding herd or flock
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environment
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the sum total of all external conditions that affect the well-being and performance of an animal
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full sibs
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animals with the same sire and dam
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half sibs
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animals having one common parent
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longevity
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lifespan of an animal
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nicking
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the way in which certain lines, strains, or breed perform when mated together
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parity
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number of times a female has had offspring
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creep
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an enclosure in which only young can enter to feed
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cwt
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an abbreviation for hundred weight
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per capita
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per person
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hide
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skin from animals
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pelt
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the natural, whole-skin covering
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skins
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hides from smaller animals
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calving interval
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the amount of time between the birth of a calf and the birth of a subsequent calf from the same cow
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contemporaries
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group of animals of the same sex and breed, or similar breeding, that have been raised under similar environmental conditions
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cull
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to eliminate one or more animals from the breeding herd or flock
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environment
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the sum total of all external conditions that affect the well-being and performance of an animal
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full sibs
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animals with the same sire and dam
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half sibs
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animals having one common parent
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longevity
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lifespan of an animal
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nicking
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the way in which certain lines, strains, or breed perform when mated together
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parity
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number of times a female has had offspring
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seed stock
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breeding animals
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selection
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differentially reproducing what one wants in a herd or flock
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A.I.
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the introduction of semen into the female reproductive tract by a technique other than natural service
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amnion
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fluid-filled membrane located next to the fetus
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anestrous
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period of time when female is not in estrus
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artificial vagina
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device used to collect semen from a male when he mounts in a normal manner to copulate
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caruncle
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the "buttons" on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the fetal membranes attach
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chorion
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the outermost layer of fetal membranes
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conception
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fertilization of the ovum
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cotyledon
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an area of the placenta that interfaces with the uterine lining to allow nutrients and wastes to pass from the mother to the developing young
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cycling
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infers that nonpregnant females have active estrous cycles
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dystocia
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difficult birth
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fertility
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the capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction
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flushing
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placing females on a gaining level of nutrition before breeding to stimulate greater ovulation rates
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freemartin
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female born twin to a bull
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gestation
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the time from breeding or conception of a female until she gives birth to her young
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gonad
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the testis of the male and the ovary of the female
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multiparous
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having had two or more pregnancies resulting in viable fetuses
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postpartum
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after birth
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postpartum interval
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length of time from parturition until the dam is again pregnant
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puberty
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age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative
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service
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to breed or mate
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barren
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not capable of producing offspring
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dry
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refers to a nonlactating female
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open
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refers to a nonpregnant female
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wet
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a milking female
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winking
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indication of estrus in the mare where the vulva opens and closes
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growth
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the increase in protein over its loss in the animal body
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finish
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the degree of fatness of an animal
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adipose
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fat cells or fat tissue
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fat
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adipose tissue
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lipid
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used interchangeably with "fat"
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probe
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device used to measure backfat thickness in pigs and cattle
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break joint
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denotes the point on a lamb carcass where the foot and pastern are removed at the cartilaginous junction of the front leg
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spool joint
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joint where the foot and pastern are removed from the front leg
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lamb
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young male or female sheep
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mutton
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meat from a sheep that is over a year old
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monogastric
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having only one stomach or one compartment in the stomach
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nonruminant
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monogastric animal
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ruminant
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mammal whose stomach has 4 parts
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concentrate
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feed used with another to improve the nutrive value of the whole
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roughage
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feed that is high in fiber but low in digestible nutrients and energy
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hay
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harvested forage
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silage
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forage, corn fodder, or sorghum preserved by fermentation
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soilage
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green forage that is cut and brought to animals as food
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bolus
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regurgitated food
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cud
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bolus of feed that is for further chewing
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diet
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feed ingredients or mixture of ingredients which are consumed by animals
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ration
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the amount of total feed fed to an animal over a 24-hour period
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digestibility
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food that is absorbable into the body
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digestion
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the reduction in particle size of feed so that the feed become soluble
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feed efficiency
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pound of feed/pound of gain
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on full feed
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refers to animals that are receiving all the food they can consume
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anterior
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situated in front
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dorsal
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situated on the back of an animal
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distal
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position that is distant from the point of attachment of an organ
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posterior
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toward the rear end of an animal
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proximal
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position that is closest to the point of attachment of a limb or bone
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ventral
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situated on the abdominal plane of the body
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morbidity
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measurement of illness
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mortality
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measurement of death
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buck-kneed
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condition in which the knee is set too far forward in relation to the leg
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calf-kneed
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condition in which the knees bend backward
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cow-hocked
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hocks are close together but the feet stand apart
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interfering
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striking the supporting leg with the foot of the striding leg
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paddling
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outward swinging of the front feet of a horse that toes in
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pigeon-toed
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toes of front feet turn in
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sickle-hocked
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hind feet are too far forward and too far underneath the animal
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soundness
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free from injury, damage, defect, or disease
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splay-footed
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toes of front feet turn out
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toeing in
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same as pigeon-toed
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toeing out
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same as splay-footed
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unsoundness
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any defect or injury that interferes with the usefullness of an animal
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winging
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an exaggerated outward deviation in the fore foot and lower leg at flexion
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broken-mouth
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some teeth are missing or broken
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full-mouth
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animal that has all permanent teeth fully exposed
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mouthed
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examined an animal's teeth
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overshot (parrot-mouth)
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upper jaw is longer than lower jaw
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undershot (monkey-mouth)
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lower jaw is longer than upper jaw
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blemish
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any defect or injury that mars the appearance of, but not the usefullness of, an animal
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libido
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sex drive or the desire to mate on the part of the male
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scours
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diarrhea
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hand mating
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bringing a female to a male for service and removing the female from the male's location afterward
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cod
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scrotal area of steer remaining after castration
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dehorn
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to remove the horns from an animal
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polled
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naturally or genetically hornless
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scurs
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small growths of hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals
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wattle
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method of identification in cattle where strips of skin are usually cut on the nose, jaw, throat, or brisket
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dock
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to cut off the tail
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lambing jug
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a small pen for a ewe that is lambing
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fleece
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the wool shorn at one time from all parts of a sheep
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grease wool
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wool as it comes from the sheep prior to cleaning
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hank
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measurement of fineness of wool
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shearing
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process of removing the fleece from a sheep
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spinning count
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the number of hanks of yarn that can be spun from a pound of clean wool
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crutching
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clipping wool from the dock, udder, and vulva regions of the ewe prior to breeding and lambing
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tags
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wool covered with manure
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conformation
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the physical form of an animal
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type
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the physical attributes that contribute to the value of an animal for a specific purpose
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milk fat
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the fat in milk
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udder
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the encased group of mammary glands of an animal
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Roman nose
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horse nose that doesn't have a prominent bridge
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