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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Patrilocality
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married couple lives with husband's family; associated with patrilineal descent and is more common than matrilocality.
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Matrilocality
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married couple lives with wive’s family; associated with matrelineal desecnt and is less common than Patrolocality.
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Neolocal
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occurs when a newly married couple establishes their home independent of both sets of relatives. consisting of single nuclear families
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Nuclear family
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family consists of a married couple and their children
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Extended Family
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expanded household including three or more generations.
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patrilineal descent
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both males and females belong to their father's kin group but not their mother's.
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matrilineal descent
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Male and females trace descent through females to the same female ancestor.• belong to their Mother’s kin group but not their Father’s
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Ambilineal descent
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people choose the descent group to which they belong
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Bilateral descent
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This system traces descent from all biological ancestors regardless of their gender and side of the family.• All male and female children are members of both their father's and mother's families. |
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Lineage |
unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent |
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unilineal descent
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This traces descent only through a single line of ancestors, male or female. Both males and females are members of a unilineal family, but descent links are only recognized through relatives of one gender. The two basic forms of unilineal descent are referred to as patrilineal and matrilineal .
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Clan
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descent group that claims common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it
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KINSHIP
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culturally defined relationships between individuals who are commonly thought of as having family ties. Kinship is based on marriage, descent, and, occasionally, fictive relationships as well.
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Eskimo System
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- Mother father and siblings are given distinct names - Aunts and uncles are distinguished from parents in this system and separated only by gender (3 = aunt and 4 = uncle). -All cousins are lumped together (7 = cousin). -No kinship distinction is made between uncles, aunts, and cousins with regard to side of the family. -This system is found mainly in societies that use the bilateral principle of descent and that strongly emphasize the nuclear family over more distant kinsmen
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Iroquois system
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-Splits mother’s side and Father’s side-Merges same sex- siblings of each parent: -Father and father’s brother same term (1) -Mother and mother’s sister same term (2) -Different term for mother’s brother and father'ssister -Unilineal descent favor this system [patrilineal and matrilineal]
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Sudanese System
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Most complex -Each category of relative is given a distinct term based on genealogical distance from ego and on the side of the family. - North Africa and the Middle East
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Hawaiian System
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-Nuclear family is de-emphasized. Relatives within the extended family are distinguished only by generation and gender. -Ego's father and all male relatives in his generation have the same kin name (1). - Ego's mother and all female relatives in her generation are referred to by the same kin term (2). -brothers and male cousins are all given the same kin term (3). Sisters and all female cousins are also referred to by the same term (4)
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Cognatic descent
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tracing kinship through both the mother's and the father's ancestors to some degree.
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collateral relative
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uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews, nieces and other consanguinal kinsmen beyond ego's main line of descent.
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Affinity
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a kinship link created by marriage, such as the bond between a man and his wife and her family (in-laws).
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Exogamy
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practice of seeking a spouse outside one’s own group
Forces people to create and maintain a wide social network This wider social network nurtures, helps, and protects one’s group during times of need |
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ENDOGAMY
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marriage of people from the same group.
India’s caste system is an extreme example of endogamy |
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Homogamy
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practice of marrying someonesimilar to you in terms of background, social status, aspirations, and interests
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Lobola [Bridewealth ]
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substantial marital gift from husband and his kin to the wife and her kin
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Dowry
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marital exchange in which wife’s group provides substantial gifts to husband’s family
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Durable alliances
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Continuation of marital alliances when one spouse dies
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Sororate
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may marry wife’s sister if wife dies
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Levirate
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right to marry husband’s brother if husband dies
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Tylor
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religion evolved through stagesAnimism: belief in spiritual beings Polytheism: belief in multiple gods Monotheism: belief in a single, all-powerful deityTylor: religion declines as science offers better explanations for things
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Turner
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communitas: intense feeling of social solidarity Religion is a cultural universal
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Reese
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bodies of people who gather together regularly for worship
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